江苏省2018届高三一模英语试卷（附答案解析）

Privatecitizensaregettinginontheacttoo:cyclistsincreasinglywearheadcamsasaninsuranceagainstaggressivedrivers.Ascameratechnologygetssmallerandcheaper,itisn?

thardtoforeseeafuturewherewe?reallfilmingeverythingallthetime,ineverydirection.Would that bea good thing?

Theavailableevidencesuggeststhatitdiscouragesbehaviorsuchaspolicebrutality.Anotherupsideisthatitwouldbehardertogetawaywithcrimesortoescapeblameforaccidents.Butaworldoncameracouldhavesubtlenegativeeffects.ThefloodofdatawepourintothehandsofGoogle,Facebookandothershasalreadyprovedamixedblessing.Thosecompanieswouldnodoubtbewillingtouploadandstoreourbody-camdataforfree,

probablywith theassistanceofmachinelearningalgorithms(算法)---butatwhatcostto privacyandfreedomofchoice?Body-camdatacouldalsocreatealegalminefield.Disputesoverthe validity andinterpretationof policefootage(执法镜头)havealready surfaced. Eventually,eventsnotcaughtoncameracouldbetreatedasiftheydidn?

thappen,likeatreefallingintheforest.Alternatively,footagecouldbefakedordoctoredtoescapeblameorincriminate others.

Ofcourse, there?salwaystheargument that ifyou?

renotdoinganythingwrong,youhavenothingtofear.Butmostpeoplehavedonesomethingembarrassing,orevenillegal,thattheyregretandwouldpreferhadn?

tbeencaughtonfilm.Peoplealreadyinspecttheirsocialmediafeeds---oravoiddoinganythinginadequateinpublic---forfearofdamagingtheirreputation.Would

widespreadapplicationofbodycamshavea furtherfrighteningeffect on

ourfreedom?Thealways-on-cameraworldcouldeventhreatensomeofthenaturesthatmakeushuman.Wearenaturalgossipsandbackbiters,andwhilethosemightnotbedesirablebehavior,theyoilthewheelsofoursocialinteractions.Oncepeopleassumetheyarebeingfilmed,theyarelikelytoshutup.Wearenowherenearthatpointyetwhereeveryonewillfeeltheyneedoneasaninsurancepolicy,butweshouldthinkhardaboutwhetherwereallywanttosaylights,bodycam, action. 58. What is the benefit offilmingto average people?

A. Promotingthe widespread useof smartphonesin public. B. Fightingcrimesorbad behavior byproviding solid evidence. C. Guaranteeingcyclistsandpedestrians moresafetyon roads. D. Encouragingbetter performance ofthepoliceand teachingstaff. 59. Inthe author?sview, thedatafloodingintotechgiantsisfairly A. comforting

B. puzzling

C. worrying

.

60. Certainundesirable behavior is important because if A. functionsasan insurancepolicy

.

D.satisfying

B. warnsus not to be caught on film

C. preventsinadequate social behavior

D.motivates human dailycommunication

C

Aso-called“smartdrug”intended to improve cognitiv（e to protect the brain fromaltitude sickness.认知的）performance also seems

Evenmorepeoplearevisitinghigh-altitudesitesforwork,sport,religiouspilgrimagesand militarycan lead tocognitiveeffects,includingmemoryloss andattentiondifficulties.

There?slittleyoucandotopreventthesesymptomsotherthanacclimatize—butthistakestimeanddoesn?t always work.Adrugcalled oxiracetammightbetheanswer.

ShengLiHuattheThirdMilitaryMedicalUniversity,Chongqing,Chinaandhercolleaguesstudiedtheperformanceofmalemilitarypersonnelataltitude.Alllivedintownsaround1800metersabovesealevel.Duringthestudy,theyspenteightdaysatthisaltitudeand then climbed forthree days to reach 4000 meters,wheretheystayedforup to amonth.

Twentyparticipantstookoxriacetamthreetimesadayforthefirst15daysofthestudy,whileanother20receivednointervention.Themandidtestsofattentionandmemoryatthestartandendofthestudyand20daysin,bywhichtimetheyhadbeenat4000metersfor ninedays.

Whilealltheparticipantsexperiencedadropincognitiveabilityat4000meters,thosewhotook oxiracetamshowed amuchsmallerdeclinethanthe controlgroup.

Bloodflowmeasurementsindicatedthatathighaltitude,partsofthebrain?scerebralcirculatorysystemcontractedanddilated（扩张）

inawaythatpromotedbloodflowtothebrainstem.Thisisn?

tsurprising,sincethebrainstemplaysacriticalroleinthemaintenanceof basic vitalsigns.

Theteamalsofoundthatthebrainstemreceivedbloodattheexpenseofareasresponsibleformoreadvancedcognitivefunctions.Butinpeoplewhotookoxiracetam,morearteriesdilated,sobloodflowthroughoutthebrainrose.Thismaybehowthedrugseemstolessen cognitive problemsliked with low oxygen.

Itisn?tyetknownwhetherdivertingbloodinthiswaycouldhavenegativeeffectsinthelongrun. “Theresultsarestrikingandimplythatoxiracetammaybebeneficialforhelpingtorelievecognitivedeficitscausedbyaltitude,”saysTimothyHalesattheUniversityofDundee, UK.

Oxiracetamisnotlicensedfor medicaluseglobally,butitisknowntobeamildstimulant,says Hales. “Cocaleaves havebeenusedbynativeAndeansforcenturies

toovercomealtitudesicknessandthisisattributedtotheirmodestcocainecontent.Soperhapsitis not surprisingthat benefitcan be derivedfromanother,though mild,stimulant.” 61. Theunderlined word“acclimatize” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaningto A. adapt B.interact C. exist D.object 62. What does the experimentdonein China reveal?

A. Thehigheraltitudeyouareat, thesloweryourbrain will be. B. At 4000 meters, thetwo subjectgroups showno difference. C. Memorytests are beneficial to relievingattention difficulties.

D. “Smartdrug” largelycounters negative effectsof altitude sickness.

.

63. Accordingto the passage, therootcauseofthecognitiveeffectsliesin A. physicaltiredness B. low oxygencontent C. cognitive training D.extreme highaltitude 64. What is the best titleforthe passage?

A. Fighthighanxiety C. Keepsharpataltitude

B.Oxiacetam—a magicdrug D.Problems on high-altitude sites D

. IfyoureadTheFaultinourstarsonlytofindayoungadultromanceofHazelGraceandAugustusWaters,thenyoudefinitelyunderestimatethepowerofsophisticatedsymbolism,emotions,andliteratureJohnGreenoffers.Iremembersomeonesaying“You don’treadagreatbook;itreadsyou.”Thefaultinourstarsisoneofthosebooks.Itgivesyoutheconceptofwhatcancersarelike,ofhowchildreninparticularfightthem,revealsandremindsyouofyourfirstloveinlife,alwaystheyoungestandthemostinnocent.Iwillresistmyurgetotellyoutheplotandspoilthewholestory,butIpromiseyoueverysinglepagehereisworthagreatdealofexcitement,humorandabunchofotherstufflisteddownherewhichIthink areinteresting.

Thebookgiveslivestowherewefinddeaths.Thejoyoflivingcomesinwhenterminalcancerisnothing morethanjust,“asideeffectofdying”,whenyoucanlaughinthemisfortunesofdiseaseandsay“I?monarollercoasterthatonlygoesup,myfriend.”Thefaultinourstars,however,starswithHazel?s“depression”likemanyofusstartsanewday.Thus,Hazel?

smotherwantshercancer-strickendaughtertohavealife,puttingherintheSupportGroup.Lateron,IssacandAugustusgiveherhopeandsomethingtobelievein.Thefriendshiptiedbythesharedintellectualcuriosityanddreams.ThestoryissocarefullyplottedthateventhoughHazeldoesn?tgotoschoollikeotherkids,herlifeissointouchwithours. Everyonein a while willfeelasifeverythinggoeswrong,that itsucks atbeingwhatit?

ssupposedtobe.Badgrades,gettingdumped,orevenhavingaterminaldisease.“Thepaindemandstobefelt.”

Butafterall,howlongshouldittakeustogivesufferingsabreakissubjecttobeviewedpersonally,sinceitwoulddeterminewhetherornotwebecomeatypeofPeterVanHouten,Hazel?sfavoritewriterinthenovel.

JohnGreenalsocaresaboutyourdreamsandambitions.Asyoureadthroughchapters,especiallytowardtheend,youwillfindoutHazelandAugustushavewidelydifferentideasofwhatthey thinkisa“goodlife.”HereIfindareflectionofmy soulinAugustus?s,withall

hisdesiretoleaveamarkontheworld.Suchaguyheisseekingforgloriesandmeaningsoflife,fearingmostoblivion.Othersmayfindthemselves,incontrast,caringnotaboutrecognition.TheyarelikeHazelGr

ace,seeingheroismasanactofnoticingandlovingandsharing.Bothideasarebeautifulandproofedtobefearlesstobetogetherdespiteanymentalor physicalchallengeslyingon their wayto thepursuit of happiness.

① “Apparently,theworldisnotawish-grantingfactory.”Thebookembracesthe

restless,innocentdesiresofyoungminds. ② WouldyoucareforatriptoAmsterdam whenyou?

reatthe4thstageofcancertofindoutwhathappensaftertheendofyourfavoritebook?Wouldyoudaretolovethedying,tobeokaytolovewhenyou?redying,ortoforgive yourselfforhurtingthosewholoveyouincaseyoudie? ③_Inthebook,youwillfind

JohnGreenmentionsabouthow“someinfinitiesaregreaterthanotherinfinities,”which means,Ithink,infinitiescanbedefined,expandedandshrunk._④ Infinitiesarecreated

bytakingchances,andifwefailwhiledoingso,thenthefaultissimplyinoutstars,notourselves.

Funny,romantic,unputdownableandprofound,Thefaultinourstarsisdefinitelyoneofthebestyoungadultfictionbooksinthecentury.Itmaytouchthereadersinmanydifferentways.Inheresomewillfindhumor,somewillfindencouragement,andsomewillfindabookasabondforanewlovestory.ButifyouinsistthatyouonlywanttoreadagoodlovestoryinThefaultofinourstars,that?sfinetoo.It?sanexcellentbookthat remindsusofthosewho areimportant. 65. Theunderlined part in Paragraph 1 implies A. readers?viewstendtovaryonthesamebook B. readerschoose booksbased on their tastes C. books arecreated tocaterto different needs D. bookscanreflectreaders?life

66. Accordingto John Green,what is the basisforthe friendshipbetween Hazel andAugustus?

A. Dreamingofthe samegoodlife. B. Sufferingfromthecommon disease. C. Beingcuriousandenterprisingin life. D. Beingattracted toeach otherforuniqueness. 67. Theauthor believesthat heis somewhat like_ D.Peter VanHouten

A. Hazel B.Issac C. Augustus 68. Wheredoes the sentence “Wecan all learnalot from how HazelandAugustustakechancesand makethebest out ofthem.” belong?