宾语从句用法小结

宾语从句用法小结

宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的语法之一。中考经常会出现相关的题目。掌握宾语从句应注意引导词（连词），语序以及时态三方面要素。

下面的表格可以帮助大家理解这一部分内容 宾语从句句连词 式 陈述句 that 一般疑问句 If/whether 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 宾语从句的时态问题

主句 一般现在时态 一般过去时态 从句 保留原来时态 改为过去的某个时态 客观事实和自然现象除外 所谓过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化 一般现在时态 现在进行时态 现在完成时态 一般将来时态 一般过去时态 过去进行时态(was/were doing) 过去完成时态（had 过去分词） 过去将来时态（would do.was/were going to do） 语序 不变 改为陈述语序 改为陈述语序

接下来我们一起来具体了解宾语从句的用法以及应注意点（你认为重要的或者容易出错的地方最好用红笔划出来） 一、宾语从句的引导词

1. 当由陈述句来充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义常省略。

eg. I think (that) he is right.

I know (that) she is a Canadian athlete. I’m sure (that) he will get the job.

I’m glad (that) you are trying to help others. He tells me (that) he will work hard this term. 特别注意：宾语从句否定意义的转移。

若主句的谓语动词是think , believe , suppose, guess等词，而且主句的主语是第一人称时候，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。如：

I don’t think he has time to come to the party .

2. 当由特殊疑问句做宾语从句时，引导词由原来的特殊疑问词来充当。有意义不能省略。从句的语序要用陈述语序。句末的标点符号由主句决定。常出现的特殊疑问词：when, why, how, where, who、whom、whose、which, what等。 eg. 1) He asks. How can they get to school? He asks how they can get to school.

2) Do you know? When did he buy this pen? Do you know when he bought this pen?

3) Can you tell me ? What is your name? Can you tell me what your name is?

3. 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”“是

不是”“能否”等。

eg. 1) He asks me if/ whether he can come.

2) I’m not sure if/ whether she will help me.

3) Do you know if/ whether the train will arrive on time? 特别注意：

1）直接与or not连用时,往往用whether 不用if

eg. Let me know whether or not he will come 让我知道他是否能来。 2）介词之后用whether 不用if

eg. They are talking about whether he will win the game. I’m worried about whether they will arrive on time. 3) 不定式前用whether 不用if 二、宾语从句要用陈述句语序

宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。所谓陈述句语序就是指宾语从句中主语一定要放在谓语动词之前 (1)主句＋（that）从句（主语＋谓语……）； (2 )主句＋if/whether从句（主语＋谓语…）； (3)主句＋特殊疑问词+陈述句语序（主语＋谓语…）

eg. Do you know why winter is colder than summer?

Can you tell me what your name is?

特别注意：What’s the matter ? 作为宾语从句时有两种前况。当它的解释是“怎么了？”时，语序不要变化。当它的解释是 “ 这是什么物质？”时，要变为陈述句语序。如： The teacher asked the students what the matter was. The teacher asked the students what was the matter ?

三、宾语从句的时态

要遵循时态的一致性原则。宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句谓语时态的制约，这种现象称为“时态的呼应”

1.主句是一般现在时，宾语从句时态不受主句谓语动词的影响，根据实际情况而定。 eg. I know that she will leave China tomorrow. Do you know why I could pass the exam last term ?

2.主句是一般过去时，宾语从句时态要用与过 去相关的时态。比如，一般过去时，过去完成时，过去将来时等等。

eg. Mr. King didn’t know when his son came home yesterday evening. He wanted to know when the meeting would start. She didn’t tell us where she lived.

3. 主句是一般过去时，但如果宾语从句 表示的是客观真理或自然现象，其谓语时态则仍然一般现在时。

eg. The teacher told us light travels much faster than sound . He said that the sun rises in the east.

She said that her father is twenty-eight years older than her.

特别注意：若是主句出现 Could you tell me ? Would you please tell me ? 这样的句型，并不表示过去时只是表示比较婉转的语气，其后的宾语从句时态根据实际情况而定。不要混淆哦。

做题目要特别注意。

eg. Could you tell me whether you will call me this evening?

四、宾语从句和状语从句的分辩

在某些情况下，同学们容易混淆宾语从句和状语从句。如if 引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句。可以用以下方法来处理：

当if解释为“是否”时，其引导的是宾语从句。遵循宾语从句的时态规则。 He doesn’t know if the famous singer will come tomorrow.

当if解释为“如果”时，其引导的是条件状语从句。遵循的是“主将从一”的时态规则。 He will come if he has time tomorrow. 五、例题讲解

(1) He asked ____________. A. that she was free the next week

B. if she has done her work C. what did she do D. what her name was

根据语序可以排除C,根据时态可以排除B,根据asked可以判断后面是疑问句，不可能用that 这个连词，因此选择D.

（2）Didn’t your teacher say _______________? A. how long you would be away B. the moon traveled round the earth C. that Peter is very clever

D. that light travels faster than sound

根据say排除A,因为它后面只能跟陈述句，根据主句时态排除C, 而B,D都属于客观事实，应该用一般现在时态，所以只能选D.

六、实践操练

1．In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book．

A．that B．how C．what D．if

2．—I don't know _____ Mr．Green will come to see us．

—He will help us with our English．

A．why B．when C．how D．where 3．—We never know _____ the old man is． —They say he is a teacher．

A．what B．who C．which D．where 4. —Do you know _____ ？I'm going to see him． —Sorry，I don't know．

A．where does Mr．Li live B．where did Mr．Li live C．where Mr．Li lives D．where Mr．Li lived 5. I don't feel very well．Mum asked me _____ this morning．

A．what the matter is B．what is wrong C．what was the matter D．what wrong was 6. Do you know ______?

A.What time will the plane take off B. What time would the plane take off

C. What time the plane will take off D. the plane will take off at what time 7. The manager came up to see _______.

A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. what's the matter

8. The teacher didn’t begin her class _________ the students stopped talking. A．until B．because C．after D．when 9. If it __________ tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great wall.

A．doesn’t rain B．won’t rain C．not rains D．isn’t rain 10. .Could you tell me __________ we get to the plane?

A．how B．whether C．where D．what

11. The teacher says __________ she will leave a message on the headmaster’s desk. A．if B．who C．that D．what

12. You must make your new house clean and safe __________ you move in. A．because B．when C．before D．until 13. I was ________ tired _________ I couldn’t walk on. A．so…that B．too…to C．very…that D．very…to

14. I thought he ________ to see his mother if he _________ time. A．will go…has B．will go …will have C．would go …would have D．would go …had 参考答案：D A ACC C A A A A CC A D

1. Wang Hai told me __he didn't go cycling yesterday afternoon. (how, why) 2. Can you tell me __else is going to be on duty? (who, whom) 3. She said _____it wouldn't matter much.(that, if) 4. He always thinks ___ he can do better.(how, who) 5. I hope he (come) back in a week.

6. Do it cost much money to fly to Beijing ? Could you tell me ?(合并为一个复合句) Could you tell me ___ it ____ much money to fly to Beijing ?

7. I am good at swimming. Jack said.

_____________________________________ 8. Are they from Germany? Tom asked.

_______________________________________ 9. Did that girl break the window? Please tell me. __________________________________________ 10 How many girls are there in the room? Our teacher asked. ___________________________________________ 11 Have your parents ever been to London? He didn’t know. ___________________________________________ 12 There are 12 months in a year. Mum told me.

_____________________________________________

参考答案：1.why 2.who 3 that 4. how 5 will come 6.if, costs

7. Jack said that he was good at swimming. 8. Tom asked if they were from Germany.