高中定语从句讲解

定语从句

（一）定义及相关术语

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等

（二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.

3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。

The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。 5．Whose 表示一种所属关系 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。

I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：

The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. （三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

1．关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。 This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。 ２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)

３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：

He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

（四）关系副词引导的定语从句

1． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

I still remember the day when I first came to this school.

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The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。 2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 3． why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。

（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 非限制性定语从句：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。不能用关系词that

（六）限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况

1．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如： Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ 2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：

This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 4．当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。如：

This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。 5．当先行词既有人又有物时。如：

They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. （七）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句

as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是： 1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：

He married her, as / which was natural. 他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。

He is honest, as / which we can see. 他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。 2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如： As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是发展中国家。 3. 当先行词受so，such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。 如：

I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。

(八) 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：

I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你冲她笑的样子。 （九）关系代词与关系副词的选择

用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用(成分） I know a place where we can have a picnic. 我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。 I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。

This is the reason why he was dismissed. 这就是他被解雇的原因。 This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.

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