初中英语语法大全及重要短语汇总-初中英语语法归纳大全

形 It’s going to clear up. be going to+动词原含有“打算，计划，即将”做某事，2 We’re going to have a party 形 或表示很有可能要发生某事 tonight. be + doing 进行时3 表示将来 go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等He is moving to the south. 词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的Are they leaving for Europe? 动作 I was about to leave when the 表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的bell rang. 动作，后面一般不跟时间状语 The meeting is about to close. 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见 We’re to meet at the school gate at noon. be about to + 动词4 原形 5 be to + 动词原形 The meeting starts at five 一般现在时表示将时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事o’clock. 6 The plane leaves at ten this 来 情，可用一般现在时表示将来 evening. II. 动词的被动语态： 常用被动语态 构成 6 7 8 9 10 常用被动语态 构成 1 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 2 一般过去时 was/were asked 3 一般将来时 shall/will be asked 4 过去将来时 should/would be asked 5 现在进行时 am/is/are being asked 过去进行时 was/were being asked 现在完成时 have/has been asked 过去完成时 had been asked 将来完成时 will/would have been asked 含有情态动词的 can/must/may be asked 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。如： Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 注 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如： 意 It is believed that… 事 It is generally considered that… 项 It is said that… It is well known that… It must be pointed out that… It is supposed that… It is reported that… It must be admitted that… 9

It is hoped that… 下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如： The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice. The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well. The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold. 下面词或短语没有被动态： leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等 七．情态动词 I.

情态动词基本用法： 情态动词 can could may might must 用法 否定式 疑问式与简答 能力（体力，智力，技能） can not / cannot /can’t Can…do…? 允许或许可（口语中常用） do Yes,…can. 可能性（表猜测，用于否定句No,…can’t. couldn’t do 或疑问句中） 可以（问句中表示请求） 可能，或许（表推测） 祝愿（用于倒装句中） may not do might not do May…do…? Yes,…may. No,…mustn’t/can’t. Might…do…? Yes,…might No,…might not. Must…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t/don’t have to. Do…have to do…? Yes,…do. No,…don’t. 必须，应该（表主观要求） must not/mustn’t do 肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测） 只好，不得不（客观的必须，don’t have to do 有时态人称变化） have to ought to Ought…to do…? 应当（表示义务责任，口语中ought not to/oughtn’t Yes,…ought. to do 多用should No,…oughtn’t. 将要，会 用于一三人称征求对方意见 用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等 应当，应该（表义务责任） 本该（含有责备意味） Shall…do…? Yes,…shall. No,…shan’t. Should…do…? Will…do…? Yes,…will. shall shall not/shan’t do should will would

should not/shouldn’t do will not/won’t do 意愿，决心 请求，建议，用在问句中wouldwould not/wouldn’t 10

比较委婉 dare 敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中） do dare not/daren’t do No,…won’t. Dare…do…? Yes,…dare. No,…daren’t. Need…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t. Used…to do…? Yes,…used. No,…use(d)n’t. Did…use to do…? Yes,…did. No,…didn’t. need 需要 必须（常用于否定句和疑问句need not/needn’t do 中） used to 过去常常（现在已不再） used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do didn’t use to do II. 情态动词must, may, might, could, can表示推测： 以must为例。must + do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行；must + be doing 推测可能正在进行的事情；must +have done是推测可能已经发生过的事情。 1. must“肯定，一定”语气强，只用于肯定句中。

He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.

2. may和might“也许”，后者语气弱，更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。 He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task.

3. can和could“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can’t语气强，用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。

The weather in that city could be cold now.

We could have walked there; it was so near.（推测某事本来可能发生，但实际上没有发生） Can he be in the office now? No, he can’t be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(语气很强，常用于疑问句和否定句中) III. 情态动词注意点：

1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表达“某事终于成功”，而can无法表达此意。Be able to有更多的时态。另外，两者不能重叠使用。 2. used to和would:

used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯，而would只表示过去的习惯或喜好，不涉及现在。

3. need和dare作情态动词和实义动词的区别：

两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句。其形式为：needn’t/daren’t do；Need/dare…do…? 做实义动词时可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句。其形式为：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, don’t(doesn’t/didn’t) need/dare to do 八．非谓语动词 I.

非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成： 非谓语形式 构成 特征和作用 时态和语态 否定式 复合结构 11

不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have been to have done done for sb. to do sth. 具有名词，副词和形容词的作用 在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语 being done 现在分doing having been 词 having done done 分词 过去分词 done being done doing having been having done done 在非谓 语前加not 具有副词和形容词的作用 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语 动名词 sb’s doing 具有名词的作用 在句中做主、宾、定和表语 II. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较： 情况 常用动词 只接不定式做宾hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen 语的动词 mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider 只接动名词做宾can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged 语的动词或短语 in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接意义基本相动名词多指一般或习惯行为） 同 need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式） 两者都可以 意义相反 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未go on to do（接着做另外一件发生） 事） remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经go on doing（接着做同一件事） 发生） try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力） try doing（试试去做，看有何结果） mean to do（打算做，企图做） mean doing （意识是，意味着） 意义不同 can’t help to do（不能帮忙做） can’t help doing（忍不住要做） III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别： 常见动词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念 12

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