英语专业本科《综合英语》授课教案

sacrificed his private life and his youth for his people, and remains South Africa's best known and loved hero. Mandela has held numerous positions in the ANC: ANCYL secretary (1948); ANCYL president (1950); ANC Transvaal president (1952); deputy national president (1952) and ANC president (1991).

He was born at Qunu, near Umtata on 18 July 1918. His father, Henry Mgadla Mandela, was chief councillor to Thembuland's acting paramount chief David Dalindyebo. When his father died, Mandela became the chief's ward and was groomed for the chieftainship. Mandela matriculated at Healdtown Methodist Boarding School and then started a BA degree at Fort Hare. As an SRC member he participated in a student strike and was expelled, along with the late Oliver Tambo, in 1940. He completed his degree by correspondence from Johannesburg, did articles of clerkship and enrolled for an LLB at the University of the Witwatersrand. In 1944 he helped found the ANC Youth League, whose Programme of Action was adopted by the ANC in 1949. Mandela was elected national volunteer-in-chief of the 1952 Defiance Campaign. He traveled the country

organizing resistance to discriminatory legislation. He was given a suspended sentence for his part in the campaign. Shortly afterwards a banning order confined him to Johannesburg for six months. During this period he formulated the \into underground cells. By 1952 Mandela and Tambo had opened the first black legal firm in the country, and Mandela was both Transvaal president of the ANC and deputy national president. A petition by the Transvaal Law Society to strike Mandela off the roll of attorneys was refused by the Supreme Court.

In the 'fifties, after being forced through constant bannings to resign officially from the ANC,

Mandela analyzed the Bantustan policy as a political swindle. He predicted mass removals, political persecutions and police terror.

For the second half of the 'fifties, he was one of the accused in the Treason Trial. With Duma Nokwe, he conducted the defence. When the ANC was banned after the Sharpeville massacre in 1960, he was detained until 1961 when he went underground to lead a campaign for a new national convention. Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), the military wing of the ANC, was born the same year. Under his leadership it launched a campaign of sabotage against government and economic installations. In 1962 Mandela left the country for military training in Algeria and to arrange

training for other MK members. On his return he was arrested for leaving the country illegally and for incitement to strike. He conducted his own defence. He was convicted and jailed for five years in November 1962. While serving his sentence, he was charged, in the Rivonia trial, with sabotage and sentenced to life imprisonment. A decade before being imprisoned, Mandela had spoken out against the introduction of Bantu Education, recommending that community activists \home, every shack or rickety structure a centre of learning\imprisoned, became a centre for learning, and Mandela was a central figure in the organised

political education classes. In prison Mandela never compromised his political principles and was always a source of strength for the other prisoners.During the 'seventies he refused the offer of a remission of sentence if he recognised Transkei and settled there. In the 'eighties he again rejected PW Botha's offer of freedom if he renounced violence. It is significant that shortly after his release on Sunday 11 February 1990, Mandela and his delegation agreed to the suspension of armed struggle. Mandela has honorary degrees from more than 50 international universities and is chancellor of the University of the North. He was inaugurated as the first democratically elected

State President of South Africa on 10 May 1994 - June 1999. Nelson Mandela retired from Public life in June 1999. He currently resides in his birth place - Qunu, Transkei. 2. Nelson Mandela’s words

“In my youth in the Trandkei I listened to the elders of my tribe telling stories of the old days.

Among the tales they related to me were those of wars in defense of the fatherland.” ----- Mandela

“I part from my wife with no recriminations. I embrace her with all the love and affection I have nursed for her inside and outside of prison from the moment I first met her.”

----- Mandela

“I have fought against white domination and I have fought black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society, in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is the hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”

--------------Mandela

\dared to rise up against a social system whose very essence is war, violence, racism, oppression, repression and the impoverishment of an entire people.\

---------- Excerpt from the Nobel Peace Prize acceptance

speech

Step3. Text Appreciation Ⅰ.Structure of the text

1. Part 1(para.1-8)：Description of his gardening experience.The gardening gives him satisfaction, offers a taste of freedom, and makes him strong physically and mentally.

2．Part 2(para.9 - the end)： Significance of his gardening experience.It has become a metaphor and gives him inspiration on how to be a good revolutionary leader and how to nourish important human relationship

Ⅱ.Questions for Text Appreciation ?1. ―one can feel fulfilled by washing one‘s clothes ….‖ what is meant by ―feel fulfilled…‖ in this sentence, and why does he say so? (para. 2)

?2. What does the important tasks outside of prison refer to? How can he feel the sane pride in doing small things inside prison? (para.2) ?3. Why do people say that Mandela ―was a miner at heart‖? (para.4)

?4. ―in some way, I saw the garden as a metaphor for certain aspects of my life.‖ what is being compared? (para.9)

?5. Why does he have a mixture of feelings when he writes to Winnie? Step4. Writing Devices

Step5. Language Understanding 1. survive 比……活得长， 幸存 ?vi. to remain alive or in existence: ----Few survived after the flood.

----Books have survived from the time of the Egyptians. ?vt. to live longer than; outlive:

----He survived his wife for many years.

to live or persist through

----The house survived the storm.

----He did not long survive his humiliation. ?the survival of the fittest, hopes of survival ?the only survivor of the shipwreck

send help to the survivors of the earthquake

One must develop ways to take satisfaction in one‘s daily life. 2. take satisfaction in (doing) sth. to learn to enjoy sth. more phrases: find satisfaction in feel satisfaction at

to sb.'s satisfaction (to the satisfaction of sb.)

satisfy, satisfied, satisfying, satisfactory satisfaction 3.contact

Finally he managed to get into contact with him. The journalist has a contact in Paris. v.

I shall contact you by telephone on Friday. be in [out of] contact with lose contact with contact lenses Contact person 4.Decline v.

?to slope or move downwards

About 2 miles east, the land begins to decline towards the river.to move from a better to a worse position, or from higher to lower

His power/health/influence has begun to decline now that he is old. ?to refuse, usu. politely; be unwilling

We asked them to come to our party, but they declined (the invitation). The minister declined to make a statement to the newspapers. 5. Decline n.

There is a sharp decline in interest in sports in our town. She went into a decline and soon died. ?decline, to refuse politely, formal word

?refuse, to say or show one is unwilling to give or accept sth. general word.reject, to refuse to accept, submit to, believe, or make use of, strong word ?refuse/decline an invitation;

refuse permissions; decline, reject, or turn down a suggestion; refuse, decline, reject, or turn down an offer; reject or turn down a plan or proposal. ?must decline in words:

The horse rejected/refused the apple.

After a pursuit lasting all day we finally caught up with them. ?The new cleanser completely fulfilled its purpose. ?The doctor‘s instructions must be fulfilled exactly. ?She succeeded in fulfilling herself both as an actress and a mother. ?fulfil a task ahead of schedule ?fulfil a promise to the letter

?After many years, his plans came to fulfillment. ?The fulfillment of my dream is apparently as far off as ever. ?He drove at a constant speed.

?A thermostat keeps the temperature constant. ?The machinery requires constant maintenance. ?constant arguments

?under constant attack in the newspapers ?a constant friend

?constancy of temperature ?Crops flourish in rich soil.

?He is flourishing in his new job.

?The British Empire flourished in the 19th century. ?The magazine was in full flourish then.

?They vowed their love would endure for ever.

?They had spent three days in the desert without water, and could not endure much longer. ?Few of the runners endured to the finish. ?She endures many discomforts without complaint. ?Cheap cloth has little endurance. ?His cruelty is beyond endurance.

?She went through the typescript carefully to eliminate all errors from it. We eliminate most of the runners in the heats; only the best run in the final. ?The platform bridge over the railroad tracks eliminated danger in crossing. ?He was distressed at the elimination from the contest. ?nourish hope in one‘s heart

?nourish the baby on healthy mother‘s milk ?nourish an infant with milk ?The flowers have withered away/up.

?Older people are complaining that the old ethical values are withering away. ?The wound is still tender.

?tender meat a tender heart ?a child of tender years

?She has a tenderness for cats.

?Anyway he was dead. I couldn‘t bring him back to life. ?His painting is a strange mixture of styles. ?In poetry the rose is often a metaphor for love.

?You can learn technical skills through/by trial and error. 6. manual