高考最困难考点系列汇总：非谓语动词

未出现连词，则考虑用非谓语动词。

(2) 正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系。

确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致，找不到其逻辑主语时，整个句子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证，不管是作什么成分的非谓语动词都具有以下特点：

1．如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，可用现在分词； 2．如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，可用过去分词。 (3)正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序

非谓语动词具备动词的一些特点，也可以有动作发生的时间。对于谓语动词，我们用时态来表示动词发生的时间；对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生的时间。非谓语动词所表示的时间是一个相对时间，即相对于谓语动词的时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时间的含义。如to have done，having done表示该动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生；to be doing，doing强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。

1.【语法填空】

【例1】[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]

Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63.________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.

63. to process 考查不定式。需要它们来加工我们所吃的食物。 require表示“要求”， require to do sth表示“要求做某事”，被动形式为be required to do sth，表示“被要求做某事”。故填to process。

【例2】By 68.________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

68. eating 考查动名词。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。 【例3】[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]

This included digging up the road, 63.________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64.________ top.

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63. laying 考查非谓语动词。此处用lay的动名词形式laying与前面的digging形成并列。该词填空难度较大，若考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊词形变化会导致错误。

64. the 考查冠词。此处特指铁轨上方的顶部工程。 【例4】[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]

She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61.________ (rest).

61. resting 考查非谓语动词。spend?(in) doing sth是固定句式，意为“花??做某事”。 【例5】But Sarah, 64.________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65._______ _ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.

64. who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空后面是一个定语从句，缺少连接词，代指先行词Sarah, 在从句中作主语，故填who。

65. to prove 考查动词不定式。want to do sth为固定搭配，故用动词不定式。 【例6】[2017·浙江卷6月考]

Sixteen years 60.________ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61.________ (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband 62.________ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but

turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says. She never replaced it. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63.________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64.________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.

60. earlier 考查比较级。此处语意表示“16年前”，故填earlier。

61. to cook 考查不定式。此处不定式表示目的。语境为“取下戒指来做饭”，故填to cook。 62. searched 考查动词的时态。根据语意可知，他们过去曾搜遍了整个厨房，故填searched。 63. swept 考查过去分词。此处是get done结构，表示被动，意为“被扫进了垃圾堆”。

2.【短文改错】

【例1】[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]

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The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！” 5. word改为words 考查名词复数。教练一直喊“加速”“减速”“左转”。 word表示某人说的话时是可数名词，故将word改为words。

6. Turning改为Turn 考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知教练的话“加速”“减速”“左转”都是祈使句，根据前文“Speed up！” “Slow down！”也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形开头，故将Turning改为Turn。 【例2】[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]

In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden 3. interesting改为interested 考查形容词用法。张家夫妇对种菜感兴趣。

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【例3】When summer came，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! 9. came改为comes 考查动词时态。此处指“当夏天来临时”，用一般现在时。 10. students后加to 考查固定结构。invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事。 【例4】[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]

About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.

4. took→taken 考查过去分词。根据逻辑关系可知照片是被拍，故用被动语态，被动语态的构成是“be＋过去分词”，故把took改为taken。

5. become→became 考查动词的时态。因为become和前面的entered是并列谓语，故也用一般过去时。

1. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.（2016·新课标Ⅰ） 【答案】66. permitted67. introducing

2. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home.（2016·新课标Ⅱ）

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【答案】49.to bring

【解析】考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；你就不太可能把工作带回家去做，因为你找到了你喜欢做的事情。

3. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create) special designs.（2016·新课标Ⅲ） 【答案】to create

【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来，以创造出特殊风格的筷子。这里用不定式表目的，故填to create。

4. The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. （2016·新课标Ⅲ） 【答案】using

【解析】考查现在分词作伴随状语。人们可能使用大锅煮食物，用树枝把锅移开，use的逻辑主语是people，两者是主动关系，用现在分词表示伴随状况，故填using。

5. A study of travelers _____68____(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.（2015·新课标Ⅰ）

[KS5UKS5U]【答案】conducted

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一项网站所进行的调查。过去分词作后置定语，表示被动关系。

6. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it ____69_____(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people ____70______(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.（2015·新课标Ⅰ）

【答案】70. living

【解析】考查非谓语动词。由于people和live之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式，在此用作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。

7.The adobe dwellings(土坯房） 61 ___(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are

admired by even 62 _____ most modern of architects and engineers.（2015·新课标Ⅱ） 【答案】61. built

【解析】考查非谓语动词。过去分词作后置定语。

8.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63 _ (able) to

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