现在完成时（超全）

现在完成时精讲精练

现在完成时的结构：

肯定形式：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done 一般疑问句形式：have或has放于句首。 现在完成时表达的意义：

一. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 eg. (1). The car has arrived. 车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口） (2). Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）

现在完成时通常和recently（近来）, ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in the past/last few years（在过去几年里）, already（已经）, yet（仍然）, just (刚刚), before等词连用。

说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。

例如： I have already finished my homework.

I haven’t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?

注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等，它们的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。

二、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时

间的状语连用, 如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。 e.g. (1). My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.

(2). Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. (3). How long have you been here?

注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）。 e.g. (1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。

错误：I have bought the book for three months. 正确：I have had the book for three months. (2)你哥哥参军多长时间了？

错误：How long has your brother joined the army?

正确：How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换: leave --- be away (from) borrow --- keep buy --- have die --- be dead begin/start --- be on finish --- be over fall ill ---be ill get up---be up catch a cold --- have a cold put on→ wear come/become/go --- be fall asleep --- be asleep get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in) get to know --- know join----be a member of .../be in… open ---be open close ---be closed 现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别：

1．一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

I saw this film yesterday. （强调动作发生的时间是yesterday）

I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） 2．一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…ago, last week/... In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday ... then(那时), that day, one day, once(从前) 现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in the past/last few years , already, yet, just, before等模糊的时间状语连用。 Ⅰ、同义句转化

1. He died 10 years ago. He __________________ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He __________________the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago.

He _________________the motorbike for a month.

4. He arrived here three days ago. He _______________ here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. The light ________________ for 2 hours.

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6. He left here 2 years ago. He _______________from here for 2 years.

The film _________________ for 30 minutes. The door ________________for an hour. ⑴. He _____________ a _________ for a year.

7. The film began 30 minutes ago. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. 10. He joined the army last year.

8. They opened the door an hour ago. The door _______________ for an hour.

⑵. He _____________ the army for a year. ⑶.It ____________ a year ________ he joined the army. Ⅱ、单项选择。

( ) 1.The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years.

Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written ( ) 2.Have you met Mr. Li ____？

Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ.a moment ago ( ) 3.—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months .

Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived ( ) 4.—Our country ____ a lot so far . —Yes. I hope it will be even ______ .

Ａ. has changed; well Ｂ. changed; good Ｃ. has changed; better Ｄ. changed; better ( ) 5.—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.

Ａ.Did; do; finished Ｂ.Have; done; finished Ｃ.Have; done; have finished Ｄ. will; do; finish ( ) 6.Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _____ it twice.

Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see ( ) 7. —These farmers have been to the United States . —Really? When _____ there ?

Ａ. will they go Ｂ.did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone ( ) 8. Zhou Lang ______already ______in this school for two years .

Ａ. was, studying Ｂ. will, study Ｃ. has, studied Ｄ. are, studying ( ) 9.—Do you know him well ? — Sure .We ______ friends since ten years ago .

Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made ( ) 10. He has ___ been to Shanghai, has he ?

Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ. ever Ｄ. still ( ) 11. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began ( ) 12. It ___ ten years since he left the army .

Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was ( ) 13. Miss Green isn't in the office. She_______ to the library.

Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been ( ) 14. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.

Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been ( ) 15. _______ has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he _______to China?

A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived Ⅲ、句型转换。

1.They have been here since 2001. (提问) _________________________ have they been here? 2.The old man ____________ last year. He __________________ for a year. (die) （动词填空） 3.This factory opened twenty years ago. (同义句转换)

This factory _________________________ for twenty years. 4. Miss Green left an hour ago. (同义句转换)

Miss Green _________________________ an hour ago. 5. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）

Her mother ___________________ the Party three years ___________________ .

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