名词性从句的十大考点

名词性从句的十大考点

巩 勃

分析全国2011年各地高考试题真题,我们可以看出名词性从句考点主要有以下十个方面:

一、名词性从句中that与what的区别

在名词性从句中that与what的区别是：that在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用，除在宾语从句中外一般不可省略;而what在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用,而且作句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语等，不仅可以表示具体明确的“?的话（东西、人）”，还可以表示“?的时间、?的地点、?的人、?的速度”等内容。

What he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. I hope (that) everything is all right. 二、考查介词+宾语从句的用法。

引导名词性从句的关系代词常常“身兼二职”，既起连结作用，又在从句充当句子成分，在做这样的题目时，最好把句子还原或转换句式，那么答案就很清楚了。

The shopkeeper did not want to sell for what was not enough. 三、考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语

在名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡,，往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面。

如：He didn’t make it __ clear when and where the meeting would be held. that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。

(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that? (B)It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ?

(C)It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that ? （D）It seems/happens that?

如： It happened that I went out last night. It is said that China will win in the World Cup. 四、名词性从句中的whether, if的区别

whether, if引导的名词性从句的区别是:当“是否”讲时，whether与if引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义

We haven’t settled the question of _ whether __ it is necessary for him to study abroad. whether与if当“是否”讲时，在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟or not时通常只能用whether,而不能用if。

学习时注意：

1）whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如： It all depends on whether they will come back. 2）后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如：

I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.

3）主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中只能用whether。如： Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. The question is whether they have so much money.

We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not. 4）whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用

The question of whether they are male or female is not important. 5）whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如： I have not decided whether to go or not.

6）宾语从句提前时用whether不用if。如：

Thank you, but whether I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment. 7）引导条件状语从句时， 必须用if .

If it rains tomorrow , we won’t go to the Summer Palace .

五、名词性从句中的who与whoever，what与whatever引导名词性从句时的区别 1．What __makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. 2. It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever _ he or she wants.

what引导主语从句，又作句子作主语，连接词不是指人；whoever引导名词性从句时相当于anyone who/those who。whatever引导宾语从句,相当于anything that； however ，whenever是不能作宾语的； whichever表示“无论哪一个、无论哪些”,表示在一定范围内的人或事物,此处并不涉及“一定范围内的人或事物”。

六、疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别

①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的部分。如： Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop. ②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如： Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished, Whatever you do, you must do it well.

③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如： No matter what you do, you must do it well.

No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished. 七、名词性从句中的同位语从句和定语从句的区别

Her success lies in the fact __ that __ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. that既可以引导同位语从句，也可以引导定语从句，其区别为：同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，通常用在idea，news，fact，promise，suggestion，belief，truth等名词的后面，即说明该名词所表示的具体内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况；引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。以后在处理“先行名词+that从句”这类题目时，可先去掉先行名词，如果句意完整，应属同位语从句；如果句意不完整，则属定语从句。

They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. I have no idea when he will be back.

The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 八、宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省。在以下几种情况中that不能省略： （A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；

（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省； （C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：

He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. 3、whether和if的用法。

九、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致

（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：

Hello,I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here? The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.

（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：

When the meeting will begin ______not been decided yet. （has not ）

When they will start and where they go _______not been decided yet. ( have not) When and where the meeting will begin _______not been decided. （has not ） 十、名词性从句的词序 考查名词性从句的语序

在名词性从句中,疑问句要用陈述句语序。当连接词含疑问意义时,学生往往受汉语习惯影响错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。如：

He asked me what was the matter with me.

We’ve heard the news that we’ll move into the new house. Whatever you say will interest us all.

（工作单位 西安市西电中学）