初中英语句子成分基础练习小韩 - 图文

句子成分讲解与练习 细读、质疑、识记 2016，11，31 Tom

英语句子成分学习资料

温 故 而 知 新 句子1 按 句1 用 2 子途 按2 和 3 结意 构3 义 4 划划分 分 4 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 句子成分划分步骤： Step1： Step2： Step3： Step4： 主要的句子成分： 序号 名称 符号 含义及判断标准 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 简单句的五个基本句型： 序号 汉语名称 英语符号 例 句 1 2 3 4 5 补充说明： 一，谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。 谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. 二，表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词 ※以肯定的语气叙述主语状态时，要用系动词be ※表示说话人所感知的主语的特征或状态时，系动词用look, feel, sound, taste, smell ※表示主语状态变化时，系动词用become ,get, grow, come , turn (若跟名词不加冠词) ，fall (asleep, ill, silent)等，后面大多数接形容词作表语。但become, turn亦可接名词作表语等※表示主语的持续时，系动词用remain, stay , keep, continue ※从印象的角度说明主语所处的状态和特征时，系动词用appear to be (常用于书面)，seem (to be )

三，宾语种类： （1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），要求双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的动词，直接宾语提前，动词后加to或for，现归纳如下。 ①后面加to的动词：give 给tell 告诉bring 带来send 寄，送hand 交给read 读pass 递给return 把……还给……lend 借给throw 扔……给……leave 留给promise 许诺，答应refuse 拒绝 ②后面加for的动词：get 得到make 制造，做buy 买do 做play 演奏order 命令 sing 唱歌pay 为……而付钱 （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. 四，宾语补足语： 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词+宾语+宾补。 ※宾语+名词”常用于改结构的动词有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave ※宾语+形容词”常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want ▲“宾语+副词”。 ▲“宾语+介词短语”。 ▲“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种： A 要求带to的不定式B 要求不带to 的不定式 let, make, have，see, , watch, , look at, hear, listen to, feel等，用不定式作宾语补语时，要省去“to”。但用于被动语态时，还要 加上“to等 C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to▲“宾语+现在分词” see, , watch, , look at, hear, listen to, feel▲“宾语+过去分词” ▲ 形式宾语＋形容词▲宾语+what 从句 ※主补：对主语的补充。 简单句的五种基本句型口诀： 英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。 句型种类为动词，后接什么是关键； vt.又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见； 还有宾语补足语，各种搭配记心间。 注意：带特殊疑问词的不定式短语作直接宾语是一种很常用的形式，基本句型是：S+V+O(间接)+疑问词+不定式 【简单句的五种基本句型】 A. 主语+不及物动词(主谓) 如：The sun rises. 太阳升起来。 The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。 rise和stop都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。 B. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾) 如：I love my country. He helps me. I like action movies. I buy a book. C. 主语+系动词+表语(主系表) 如：Her brother is a driver. We feel happy.（feel为系动词，表示感到??） It gets dark.天黑了。（get为系动词，表示变得） Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。（look为系动词，表示看上去，看起来） D. 主语+及物动词+双宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）(主谓+直宾+间宾) 如：He gives Tom a present.（双宾语） 他给汤姆一件礼物。 Mother make a new dress for me.（双宾语） 妈妈为我做了一件衣服。 E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补) 如：They call her Mary.（宾补） 他们叫她Mary。 We make our classroom clean and tidy.（宾补） He always makes us laugh.（宾补） 他总使我们笑。 沙场练兵：选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast 典型例题 指出下列句子句子成分 1. Lily is cleaning the desk now. 2. Her garden is the best in our town. 3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane’s sister. 6. She didn’t come to my party because she was ill. 7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We will go to the Children’s Palace once a week. 9. They are in the classroom. 第 1 页 共 1 页 10. It sounds good. 句子成分讲解与练习 细读、质疑、识记 2016，11，31 Tom

英语句子成分基础练习及答案

(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 (4分，4分钟)

① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here.

③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 (10分，10分钟) ① I don't like the picture on the wall.

A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus?

A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?

A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.

A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this.

A. want B. to tell C. you D. is ⑧ We had better send for a doctor.

A. We B. had C. send D. doctor ⑨ He is interested in music.

A. is B. interested C. in D. music ⑩ Whom did you give my book to?

A. give B. did C. whom D. book (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟） ① My brother hasn't done his homework. A B C D

② People all over the world speak English. A B C D

③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A B C D ④ How many new words did you learn last class? A B C D

⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? A B C D ⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. A B C D ⑦ They made him monitor of the class. A B C D

⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. A B C D ⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school. A B C D

⑩ They didn't know who \ A B C D (四) 挑出下列句中的表语 (5分，5分钟) ① The old man was feeling very tired. A B C D ② Why is he worried about Jim? A B C D ③ The leaves have turned yellow. A B C D

④ Soon They all became interested in the subject. A B C D ⑤ She was the first to learn about it. A B C D

(五) 挑出下列句中的定语 (6分，6分钟) ① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B C D ② What is your given name? A B C D

③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. A B C D

④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. A B C D ⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep. A B C D

⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! A B C D (六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 (6分，6分钟)

① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the A B C

reading-room D

② He asked her to take the boy out of school. A B C D ③ She found it difficult to do the work. A B C D ④ They call me Lily sometimes. A B C D

⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. A B C D

⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? A B C D (七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分， 8分钟） ① There was a big smile on her face. A B C D

② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. A B C D

③ He began to learn English when he was eleven. A B C D

④ The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast. A B C D

⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. A B C D ⑥ She loves the library because she loves books. A B C D

⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it. A B C D

⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. A B C D

(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 (5分，5分钟) ① Please tell us a story.

② My father bought a new bike for me last week. ③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. ④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. ⑤ Did he leave any message for me?

答案 (一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do (二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C ⑥ C ⑦ D ⑧ C ⑨ A ⑩ A (三) ① D ② D ③ B ④ A ⑤ B ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D ⑨ A ⑩ D (四) ①D ②B ③D ④C ⑤B (五) ① C ② C ③ A ④ B ⑤ B ⑥ D (六) ① C ② C ③ C ④ C ⑤ D ⑥ B (七) ① D ② A ③ D ④ D ⑤ A ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D (八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 ② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 ③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 ④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 ⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语 第 2 页 共 2 页