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Every book in his study is interesting. 他书房里的每本书都很有趣。
(5)other 作形容词时意思是“其他的”,指尚未提到的部分,其后一般接复数名词。 e.g. We study Chinese, English, Maths and other subjects. (6)something和everything
① something 某事;某物 e.g. I want something to drink.
② everything 一切事物;每样事物 e.g. Tell me everything about you. (7)nobody 没有人 e.g. She likes nobody and nobody likes her.
4、疑问代词:用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词,一般放在疑问句的句首。 问什么 what —What’s your name? —My name is Tom. 问颜色 What colour —What colour is your coat? —It’s red. 问星期 what day —What day is it today? —It’s Monday. 问日期 what date —What date is it today? —It’s the first of June. 问形状 what shape —What shape is the moon? —It’s round. 问工作 what…job —What’s your father’s job? —He’s a bus driver. 问时间 what time —What time is it? —It’s ten o’clock. 问时候 when —When is your birthday? —It’s on the first of May. 问哪个 which —Which is your watch, this one or that one? —That one. 问地点 where —Where is my pen? —It’s on the floor. 问谁 who —Who is the boy with big eyes? —He’s Liu Tao. 问谁的 whose —Whose bag is this? —It’s Helen’s. 问原因 why —Why are you absent today? —I’m ill. 问方式 how —How do you go to school? —By bus. 问数量 how many —How many books are there? —There are five. 问价钱 how much —How much is it? —Twenty yuan. 问年龄 how old —How old are you? —I’m twelve. 问距离 how far —How far is it from here? —It’s about one kilometer. 问情况 how about —I’m thirsty. How about you? —Me, too. 5、指示代词 ① this(这个)、these(这些)表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物。 ② that(那个)、those(那些)表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。
第6讲 形容词
形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。它的位置通常放在被修饰的名词前,也可以放在be动词和look、feel、taste、sound、get之后。
在英语中,形容词有三个等级,即原级、比较级和最高级。
1、表示两者“等同”时用原级,结构为:as+原级+as,表示“xx和xx一样……” e.g. Are you as tall as your twin sister?
其否定形式结构为:not+as+原级+as,表示“xx和xxx不一样……” e.g. I’m not as tall as you.
2、表示两者“比较”时用比较级,结构为:比较级+than,表示“xx比xxx更……” e.g. He’s one year younger than me. 形容词比较级的构成规则: ① 一般在词尾加er
e.g. taller,longer,stronger,younger ② 以字母e结尾,只加r
e.g. late-later,nice-nicer
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③ 以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加er
e.g. heavy-heavier
④ 双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er
e.g. fat-fatter,thin-thinner,big-bigger ⑤ 双音节和多音节词的比较级,在原级前加more
e.g. more beautiful,more careful ⑥ 不规则变化
e.g. good-better,many / much-more,far-farther,bad / ill-worse 3、三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较,用形容词最高级。
结构为:the + 形容词最高级 +in/of等表示范围的短语,表示“最……”。 e.g. Autumn is the best season in New York.
She is the tallest girl of our three.
第7讲 副词
1、副词是一种用来修饰动词或形容词的词,说明时间、程度、方式等概念。大多数副词都可以放在动词后面。
e.g. dance beautifully,listen carefully,sit quietly,speak loudly,very happy 2、副词的比较级变化规则与形容词比较级基本相同,以ly结尾的副词一般用more。 e.g. more carefully ,more quietly
第8讲 介词
介词又叫前置词,是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间关系的词,它一般放在名词、代词(宾格)或动词(动词ing形式)前面。 1、in
① 在……里面。如:in the classroom
② in+颜色,穿着……颜色的衣服。如:Who’s the man in white? ③ in+语言,用某种语言说。如:What’s this in English?
④ 在上午、下午、晚上。如:in the morning,in the afternoon,in the evening ⑤ 在年、月、季节前。如:in 2008,in August,in summer
⑥ 在国家、城市和较大的地方前。如:in China,in Wuxi,in the playground ⑦ 固定搭配。 如:in the middle of(在……中间),do well in(擅长),in the day(在白天),take part in(参加),stay in bed(躺在床上),in the street(在街上) 2、on
①在……上面。 如:on the desk
②用在某一天(上、下午)前。如:on the 5th of May,on Sunday,on Monday morning ③以Day结尾的节日前。如: on Children’s Day,on New Year’s Day ④固定搭配。如:on foot(步行),on duty(值日),put on(穿上),get on(上车) turn on(打开),on the right / left(在右边/左边),on the wall (在墙上),on Zhongshan Road(在中山路上)
注 意:树上长的水果用on the tree;不是树上长的外来物用in the tree。 如:I can see a lot of apples on the tree. There is a boy in the tree. 3、at
①在某个时刻前。如:at seven o’clock
②在传统节日前。如:at Spring Festival,at Mid-Autumn Festival,at Christmas ③在较小的地点。如:at the bus stop ④固定搭配。如:at once(立刻,马上),be good at(擅长……),look at(看),at home(在家),at school(在学校), at weekends(在周末), at the back of(在……后部), at night(在夜晚) 4、under 在……下面 如:There is a cat under the table.
5、behind 在……后面 如:There is an umbrella behind the door.
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6、near 靠近…… 如:There is a park near my house.
7、beside 在……旁边 如:The students are standing beside the teacher. 8、next to 紧靠……旁边 如:The teachers’ office is next to our classroom. 9、before (时间上)在……之前 如: before class(上课前) 10、after (时间上)在……之后;依照 固定搭配: after class(课后),after school(放学后),look after(照看),run after(追赶),read after me(跟我读)
11、between 在两者之间 如:There are some trees between Building A and Building B. 12、by 乘某种交通工具 如:by bus,by plane,by the way(顺便说一下) 13、from
①be from = come from(来自……) 如:Mr Smiths is/comes from Australia. ②from…to…(从……到……)We go to school from Monday to Friday.
14、to 到、去…… 如:Let’s go to the zoo. 固定搭配:write to(给xx写信) 15、about 关于;大约
如: I want to buy a book about animals. It’s about one kilometer away. 16、for 为、给…… 如:Here’s a letter for you. What’s for breakfast?
固定搭配:look for (寻找),wait for(等候) 17、with
①与……一起。如:I’ll go shopping with my mother. ②具有某种特征。如:Who’s the boy with big eyes?
③help... with... 在某方面帮助某人 如: Can you help me with my English? ④play with... 和……一起玩;拿……玩 如:play with me,play with a yo-yo 18、in front of 在……前面 如:There is a tree in front of the classroom. in the front of 在……前部 如:There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 19、along 沿着,顺着 如:Go along this street.
20、as 作为 如:What would you like as a birthday present?
21、out of 从……出来;往……之外 如:The dog is running out of the house. 22、of ……的,属于…… 如:a map of China ,a map of the world
23、off 离开,在……之外 如:keep off the grass(勿踏草坪),get off(下车) 24、up 向上 如:stand up(起立),pull up carrots(拔胡萝卜) 25、down 向下 如:sit down(坐下), jump up and down(上下跳)
第9讲 数词
1、基数词:表示数目多少。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
one two three four five six seven eight nine ten 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty - 7 -
21 22 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 twenty-one twenty-two thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety hundred 注意:数字“0”可以读作“zero”,也可以读作字母“o”。 2、序数词:表示顺序先后。 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth 11th eleventh 21st twenty-first 12th twelfth 13th thirteenth 14th fourteenth 15th fifteenth 16th sixteenth 17th seventeenth 18th eighteenth 19th nineteenth 20th twentieth 22nd twenty-second 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th thirtieth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth 10th tenth 100th hundredth 基数词变序数词记忆口诀: 一、二、三,需要记,八去t,九省e,ve结尾时,f来代替, ty结尾时,y变ie,再加th,若是几十几,前基后序别忘记。
第10讲 连词
连词,顾名思义,是一种起连接作用的词。 1、and “和”,表示并列关系。
如:There are some desks and chairs in the classroom. 2、but “但是”,表示转折关系。
如:You can skate well, but I can’t . 3、or “还是”,表示选择关系。
如:Would you like a glass of milk or a cup of tea? 注 意:在疑问句或否定句中,当表示并列关系时,不用and,而用or。 如:Do you have any brothers or sisters?
I don’t have any brothers or sisters.
4、than “比”,表示对比关系。
如:Su Hai jumps farther than Su Yang. 5、because “因为”,表示因果关系。
如:I like summer best because I can go swimming. 6、so “所以”,表示结果关系。
如:Helen was ill , so she didn’t go to school yesterday.
第11讲 动词
动词是表示动作或行为的词。按其词义和在句子中的作用可以分为连系动词、助动词、情态动词和行为动词。
1、be动词(am,is,are)
① be动词做谓语时,要与主语在人称和数上保持一致。
用法口诀: 我用am,你用are,is 用在他、她、它,复数全用are。
如:I am a teacher. You are a student. She is a nurse. We are Chinese. ② be动词的否定形式:am not(无缩写形式),is not=isn’t,are not=aren’t 2、助动词(do,does,did)
① do,does用于一般现在时,does用于第三人称单数,其他人称和数用do。其过去式did用于一
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