句子成分分析讲义

（七）宾语补足语

宾补：有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。

这类常用的及物动词有 ： make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. I found the book interesting.

Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand.

（八）同位语

同位语：位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况 We young people should respect the old. 名词 He himself will do the experiment. 代词 He is the oldest among them four. 数词He told me the news that our team won the game. 从句练习：找出句子中的同位语。 1. She is my niece Maria.

2. You girls are much more active than us boys. 3. You three sit here.

4. There is a rumour that you have resigned.

(九)练习

练习：说出斜线部分的句子成分。

1、You should study hard. 2、The teacher got very angry. 3、The boy told me his story. 4、We elected him our monitor. 5、I told him to open the window. 6、We watched the train leaving the station.

状语 表语

间宾+直宾 宾语+宾补 宾语+宾补 宾语+宾补 句子类型

句子种类两种分类法：

一、按句子的用途可分四种： 1、陈述句（肯定、否定）： He is six years old.

She didn’t hear of you before.

2、疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）： Do they like skating? How old is he?

Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?

3、祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class. 4、感叹句：How clever the boy is!

二、按句子的结构可分三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。

1、简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 Eg: He often reads English in the morning. Eg: Tom and Mike are American boys.

Eg: She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the newspapers.

2、并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

Eg：You help him and he helps you.

Eg：The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的 3、复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。

复合句包含：①名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、

②定语从句 ③状语从句

简单句的五种基本句型： 一、主语＋不及物动词

e.g. a. Winter comes. b. This factory opened in 1989. 二、主语＋及物动词＋宾语 e.g. She has bought a new house. 三、主语＋连系动词＋表语

e.g. a. She looked worried. b. Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the school. 四、主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 e.g. My father bought me a lot of books. 五、主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语

e.g. a. They elected him their monitor. b. We consider him very smart.