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再探严复与泰特勒的翻译观点之差异 - 百度文库

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̽ϸ̩յķ۵֮

(Re-exploring the Difference in the Viewpoints of Translation between Yan Fu and Alexander Fraser Tytler)

ɽ۵һƼѧӦӢϵڱо ժҪ

ѧᵽϸķŴšʱո̩ڡԭۡ͵ġͨɡ᣻붼˵ϡŴš֮γ̩֮ܵӰ졣ࡸӰ졹ֳʷԵɺϻԴʽжϣϵģ⣬ȱ߼Էı֪Ŀ͹ֿ̽֡ڳ⽻ʱձй֪ʶϸ䷭ѧλǷǷʣֵ̽

רоƻıоķϸ롶ۡģԣıΪ̸ġŴšԭ̩յԭۡıʾġԭ򡹼Դġͨɡ̺ķ⣬̽ڹṹ֮졣оϸ̩ո𽨹ķ䶯IJ졢ԭԭҪԴСִзԭѶȵķּĴҪĿָ֮IJ죬Ӷ̽ǶԵķ֮ò

ؼʣϸۡԡѡŴš̩աԭۡͨɡԭ

Re-exploring the Difference in the Viewpoints of Translation between Yan Fu and Alexander Fraser Tytler

Ruey-shan Chen

Department of English&Institute of Interpreting and Translation National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology Abstract

Oftentimes when local scholars in the field of translation studies discuss Yan Fus Three Difficulties in Translation: Xin, Da, and Ya as criteria for judging what is a good translation, they tend to associate Yans remarks with the Scottish professor Alexander F. Tytlers Three General Laws of Translation propounded in the latters Essay on Principles of Translation. Yet, that Yan is generally believed to have modeled his criteria of translation upon those of Tytler is held as a popular opinion. In other words, Tytlers general principle had exerted a great influence on Yan in forming his idea about translation. However, this kind of opinion concerning the so-called influence, usually based on some historical coincidences, biographical inferences or some seemingly supposed-to-be analogies among their translating rules, is always biased and subject to doubt; therefore, it would be more objective if one could do an analytical exploration of what their individual texts mean in the nature of translation. Thus, it is worthy of a study to see whether this popular opinion is truly fair to Yan Fu, a Chinese patriot-intellectual, considering that he lived in a period of political, social, and cultural upheavals.

Aiming to shift the focus from the study of Tytlers possible influence on Yan to the comparison between their respective viewpoints about translation, this research proposal will

employ the method of textual analysis to re-explore those important translating issues brought up both in Yans Words on the Instances of the Translation of the Evolution and Tytlers Essay on Principles of Translation respectively, especially with an emphasis on their intrinsic difference in the formation of these ideas. This comparative study explores the four essential aspects of translation: (1) the motivation for establishing the rules, (2) the declared and the undeclared principal guidance on translation, (3) the order of importance of the rules, (4) the order of difficulty in implementing the rules, in the hope that the individual insights of and true differences between Yan Fu and Alexander F. Tytler will be distinctly demarcated.

Keywords: Yan Fu, three difficulties in translation, xin da ya, Evolution and Ethics,Alexander Fraser Tytler, three general laws of translation, principles of translation, translation as an art, principal guidance on translation.

ڹڶϸ (1854-1921) ķ֮о˵Ǹ⡣ɽвڣѧӰķңıһʱϸдʷǵϸǷϸ䷨ʧܺϸʼҪ˼ΪµġŴšԭ򣬽࣬˷еԭ򡣡[1] һ⣬ȴΪУ̸ֵ̽֡̽ϸ̩յķ۵֮졹߳һ֮ġѡ롸ͨɡϵģ⣬̽ڹṹ֮졣

ν⣬ԼɷһǾϸڣԣ͵ġŴš̸ڴ˲ΪΪָԭԣʹϸƵġŴš־ָΪΣµڹͳ֣ͼһ״Ӻζ˵ϸ⡸ԭǴӵ뾭ʦ֧ǫ侭ġšϡšģǮ飻ҲҴԨԴʦϵֱϸ˵̩Alexander Fraser Tytler, 1747-1813)ϸ󻸦Ϊϸ̩ܵ׼Ǹֲйϣ񻷣[2] ΪǡͬʱܵӢʾԲطīȡ[3] ϸԣϸʹõִʣѡʲʦڵ䡹޴ϡǴѡȵȣĺĽСָΪԪڣ۷šŵŵķȣһΪšǷĻӷСλ֡ʡ䡹пʼ̸塹ܡʡ͡ʡ붯ʼĵ⡢Ʒתֵ¡áԭġʱijϡȵڡšŶ֮[4] ĸΪҪڡŴţϸоŬѡŴšֳԵιϵ˵ܵ˵šҪģŶڲ룬£ͳΪҪˡ[5]

һ棬DZȽϸġŴšոѧ̩һ߾һġԭۡ(Essay on the Principles of Translation ) ġͨɡ (the Three General Laws of Translation) ֮Ӱо[6] ͨϸġѡ̩յġͨɡһһӦѡšӦ (I) That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. Ӧðԭ˼תдӦ (II) That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. дķʴӦúԭһšӦ (III) That the Translation should have all the ease of original composition.[7] Ӧþԭе̩Ȼνģ

ڡʵϣϸġѡ̩յġͨɡ֮ڹͽṹϵIJ졣ڡʷϵķҡ(Translators Through History) һϸõƪԶԶӢһλϵͳо̵ѧ̩գ̸ֻϸɷѧĻ֪ʶĽǶĹף̸̩ǴλĹ۵˵Ϊλᱻʱķ㷺ܲӰ죬δǵķ˼ϱȽϵ̽֡[8]

ϸġŴšй𾭷ʦ֧ǫӰ죻ͬأ̩֮ǰҲϵĻҪ磬ʮзӡ (prince of translators) ֮ƵĽܿˣŷ (Jacques Amyot, 1523-93) ŷԭǣԡ(absolute clarity)Ϊ˴ﵽҪ󣬰ŷָϵĵ׼:һⲻ˳Ҫʾ߼ԣüȻķ񣬣ģ˳г͵Dz֡[9] ʮͣأﲼʿ (Nicolas Perrot dAblancourt, 1606-64) ġ(three basic qualities)(clarity)(concision)š(elegance)[10] ⣬Σ (George Campbell, 1719-1796) һ߰˾Ҳνõķԭ򣨽̩յġԭۡһ棩ȷԭ⣬ԭķ񣬺ҪȻġ׶Եȵȡ[11] 磬һġ꣬˵߶ (Etienne Dolet) ġҪԡ(importance) ˷ԭӢѧ (Jeremy Munday) Ϊֱ̩ӵӰ졣[12] Щ۵㣬ٶ̩յġõķ롹 (a good translation) ֮ԭͨ͡ɡ(the Three General Laws of Translation) ҵ໥ӡ֤֮ѵǾͿɾݴ˾Ͷ϶̩ܵǰӰ֮࣬ûԵľͿͬĵҲϸ̩յĹϵϡ ӱȽоĽǶġӰоʷϵļֵҲܻ̫㷺޷յģضڹ˼ϣͬģͬʵںܶ࣬DzܽʱȺ󣬾϶߾пܵǰ˵Ӱ졣ڶԪĻѬ£һڳɳĹʹõԣ֪صӰ죬Լ֪ءԱIJþ͡ı(text)ֻصѶϢ֣̽ı(intertextual) ıȽϣһΪ͹۵ķʽͬʱҲϲԩһߵꡣȾĸҪĿ͸ϸķԭ̩յ֮ͨ졣

һIJ죺̩Ǵӽһϵͳ֮дΪһ飬Ұѡ롹Ϊһݡʽ롸ЧϽϸ˰ġۡŸӡ󣬲ŲƪԣǸ˷뾭ܽᣬΪһƪģȻϸҲ͸롹ɡԶΣ¾䣬˵ʵĿǴѧЧģҲΪšѧԶֻĹΪ԰ˡ

̩ڵһ (Chapter I) ȳϣûһ۵(subject of criticism) 㣬˷ģνԼԶһôһ׵£ֻҪ׼ (fidelity) רע (attention) Ϳˡ̩ͼһΪġݡԭߵ㺡˼룩ʽԭд̬ȣӵİš빹죩͡塹ԭͨƪ֮֯ҵһ (the point of perfection)Ӵ˴νõķ롹(a good Translation) ¸ԭ:

I would therefore describe a good translation to be, That, in which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language, as to be as distinctly apprehended, and as strongly felt, by a native of the country to which that language belongs, as it is by those who

speak the language of the original work. õķӦǣԭŵȫػһԹҵܺ⣬ǿҵظܵͬ˵ԭԵһ

Ȼأܵԭ򣬾һֶԭ֮ܵġЧ (equivalent) 룬Ƕģݡʽۺϱ֡Ȼ̩ٴԭȻ (deduced) ġͨɡ(the Three General Laws of Translation) ʵϣܾԵͨҪﵽһϵġ̩ڽͨʱͳƷΪ(towards establishing the rules of the Art)һArtһĸôдбӡǿ롹ǡζʮ㣻ۼҲҪģԭ֮ͱʴʱд. . . every copy in which the artist scrupulously studies to imitate the minutest lines or traces of his original.˾仰áthe artistָҡ[13] κз뾭˶ɸ̩ܵյ뷨ʵϻһ

֪ϸ·ijԲȫΪĿģԵģǸй֮ˡ֮Ƚ˼룬ά±䷨׻δ㡣ݱи֮һҲϸڣԣﲢû̩һдĽֻܽķʿ࣬гŴšˣԴΪԡԶȥӰ˲΢ԡ׼ҪȥôѧϵԭϵͳΪµĹ[14]

⣬ϸȻҲ̸ϡš֮壨ʱͩɹģĿҲʵҹԵġġı̫Ԩţġ塹ʹһѧԻʱϸԡԴй֮ˡϸ֮ܡԶΪʱݼӢϣЩ½˼άǿ˶зãϸڡ롹ԡšҪʵĿǴġѧЧġ[15] ˣ˴Ŀ˵ţϸ[16] ҲΪϸ.Ƿָĵˮƽרָĵѧֵ[17]

ԭ٣̩Ǹ׷󡸺õķ롹(a good Translation) ¸ԭ򣬲Եָԭںϸڣԣﲢûȷԭϸ˼ûԭ򡹣߼ƣӦǴڵģġŴšԭӺͣԣڵѶϢǿԷ֣ϸ֪͸¶ġԭ򡹸ԡԭı桹š֮Ϸָԭڣԣıϸᵽ塹⡹͡塹ܹоŴۣڷĹУȡ塹ΨһҪסǡ򲻱㣣ġȻʱߵ棬ֱȾΡͷʱáɾȡֿ©˿ɼڷбԭ塢˼ӡڴǿؿϸı֮ԭ൱̩յġһͨɡһխϸġš֮룬Ϊšֻԡ塹ѣ⡸šģΪ̩յġһͨɡ֮£ϸԭ塹ġԭķΧ̩յġõķԭխܶࡣϸ̬ȡַۣȴ̩յԭࡣΪϸȻƫء롹 (sense for sense)νԼdƱ롹̩յġԭ򡹣һΪġݡԭߵ㺡˼룩ʽԭд̬ȣӵİš빹죩͡塹ԭͨƪ֮֯ҵһ Ҫеԭ̩ձġͨɡݡҪԡ (importance)

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̽ϸ̩յķ۵֮ (Re-exploring the Difference in the Viewpoints of Translation between Yan Fu and Alexander Fraser Tytler) ɽ۵һƼѧӦӢϵڱо ժҪ ѧᵽϸķŴšʱո̩ڡԭۡ͵ġͨɡ᣻붼˵ϡŴš֮γ̩֮ܵӰ졣ࡸӰ졹ֳʷԵɺϻԴʽжϣϵģ⣬ȱ߼Էı֪Ŀ͹ֿ̽֡ڳ⽻ʱձй֪ʶϸ䷭ѧλǷǷʣֵ̽

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