甲类船长大副听力与会话全

(4)Test the atmosphere of the space at different levels for oxygen deficiency and harmful gases or vapors. 测试空间的不同层的氧缺陷和有害气体和蒸气。

(5) Wear self-contained breathing apparatus if necessary; 如有必要穿自己呼吸设备; (6) Get the Master's signature on the checklist;在检查清单上签有船长的签名

(7) Even when a space has been found safe for entering, it should be monitored for as long as any person is inside.即使确认为空间安全后，应该在外面有人监视

3. Describe the procedures of cargo stowage. 描述货物装载程序。 The procedures of cargo stowage are as follows: 货物装载程序如下:

(!) The chief officer should obtain the cargo information, especially dangerous cargo information from the shipper; 大幅应获得货物信息,尤其是托运人获得危险货物的信息。

(2) The cargo list should be available and complete; 货物清单应可供使用和完整

(3) The principles and considerations on navigation safety保证航行安全应有原则和注意事项

(4) The chief officer should prepare a proper stowage plan to ensure cargoes are proper loaded on board 在航行中大幅应该准备一份合适的装载计划。

The cargo should be properly distributed on board to ensure the ship's stability and reasonable drought and trim during the voyage; 航行中货物应该适当地分布在船上确保船的稳定性和合理的吃水和纵倾

The bunkers and waters should be proper arranged on board to ensure the proper distribute the longitudinal stress; 燃料和水应该合理分配保证船舶纵向强度

The double bottom tank should be filled to improve stability. 双底压载舱应打水，提高稳定性。 (5) The cargo stowage plan should be modified if necessary.如果有必要货物配载图应加以修改, 4. Describe the actions to be taken in case of an oil spill on board. 描述船上发生溢油的应对措施

In case of an oil spill on board, actions should be taken according to the SOPEP (Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan 在船上万一溢油, 根据SOPEP(船舶油污应急计划)应采取行动、 (1) Send out oil spill signals; 发出溢油信号

(2) Muster the oil clearance team to fight against the spillage; 集合清油队处理泄露。 (3) Take measures to prevent spilt oil spreading;采取措施防止油扩散

(4) Report the spillage to MSA (Marine Safety Agency 海运安全管理局）or the local pollution control; 把溢油报告给海运安全管理局或当地污染控制机构

(5) When taking actions against oil spill, the precaution should be taken for preventing second pollution. 当采取行动防备溢油,应采取措施防止二次污染。

5. Describe how to ensure a proper stowage for general cargo. 描述杂货的合理装载 (1) General factors to be taken into account: 普通因素要考虑: A description of the cargo; 货物的描述。 The gross weight of the cargo; 货物的总重量。 The dimensions of the cargo; 货物的尺寸。

Any special properties of the cargo. 任何货物的特殊性能。 (2) Special considerations: 特殊事项:

The vessel should be fully loaded; 船应该充分装载

A reasonable drought and trim to ensure a comfortable voyage; 以确保舒适的航行要有一个合理的吃水和纵倾 Have satisfactory ship's stability and strength. 令人满足的船的稳定性和强度。 问答题

1. How many classes were dangerous cargoes divided into according to the IMDG code? Can you list some? 根据《国际海运运输规则》怎么分货物的危险等级?你能列举一些吗?

According to the IMDG code, the dangerous cargoes are divided into 9 classes: 根据《国际海运运输规则》货物的危险等级共有9种

Class 1: explosives (爆炸物) Class 2: Gases; 气体

Class 3: flammable liquids (易燃液体)； Class 4: flammable solids (易燃固体)；

Class 5: oxidizing substances and organic peroxides (氧化物和有机过氧化物)； Class 6: toxic and infectious substances (有毒和污染物)； Class 7: radioactive materials (放射性物质)； Class8: corrosives (腐蚀性物质)；

Class 9: miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles (混合的危险物质和物品) 2. What kind of cargo is classified as flammable liquids? 什么样的货物被划分为易燃液体呢

Flammable liquids refers to the liquids, or mixture of liquids which gives off flammable vapor（易燃性蒸汽）at or below 60 degree centigrade in the closed cup test (闭杯试验). 易燃液体或混合液体的液体是指低于60度在闭杯试它就会发出易燃蒸汽

3. Please describe the general nature of general cargo? 请描述的一般特性杂货 (1)

General cargo means various kinds of solid cargoes with or without package carried in a single hold; 普通货物

意味着各种固体货物或者没有包装的货物储存在同一舱室内。 (2) (3)

General cargo may be in bags, bales, cases or steel drums; 普通货物可能用包或捆或用铁桶 The stowage of general cargo needs separation and dunnage. 普通货物需要隔离的垫舱

4. Please describe the general nature of bulk cargo. 请描述散货的一般特性。 (1)

Bulk cargo means cargo can be directly put into the holds or tanks of a ship without any package or without any

form of containment; 杂货指货物可直接放在货舱或舱底没有任何包装或没有放在任何容器内。 (2)

Grain, coal and iron ore are common solid bulk cargoes; 粮食煤炭和铁矿石是通常的散货。

5. What kind of cargo is canvas sling (帆布吊兜) suitable for lifting? 什么样的货是帆布吊索适合起吊的? It is used for lifting bulk cargo. 它是用来提升散货。

6. What kind of cargo is chain sling (链式吊索) suitable for lifting? 什么样的货物适合链式吊索链提升?

It is used for lifting heavy slender articles (重而细长货), such as timber or steel rails. 它是用来抬沉重的长条的货物,如木材或钢铁轨上

7. What kind of cargo is net sling (网吊兜) suitable for lifting? 什么样的货物是净吊索适合提升的? It is used for lifting general cargo. 它是用来提升杂货。

8. What does the abbreviation COW stand for? COW代表什么? COW stands for crude oil washing COW代表(原油洗舱)。 9. What does “jettison of cargo” (弃货) mean? 弃货是什么意思

It means to throw goods overboard in order to lighten the vessel or improve its stability in case of an emergency. 它的意思是把货物抛弃以减轻船舶或提高其稳定性以防危险。

10. What does “ compatibility of goods” (货物的兼容性) mean? 货物的兼容性是什么意思

It means that different goods can be stowed together in one hold without causing any chemical reaction. 这意味着不同的商品可以装在同一个保持无引起任何的化学反应。

11. What does the abbreviation SWL stand for? SWL缩写是什么意思 It stands for Safe Working Load. 它代表了安全工作负荷。

12. What does “ shifting cargo” (货物横向移动) mean? 货物横向移动什么意思 Shifting cargo means transverse movement of cargo, caused by rolling or heavy list. 13. What does “union purchase” (双杆联吊) mean? 双杆联吊什么意思

It means using two derricks to work together at one hatch while handling cargo. 它的意思是用两吊杆联合在一起工作在一个舱室内装卸货物。

14. What preparations should be done before loading cargo? 载货前要做什么准备 Before loading cargo the following preparations should be done: 载货前应该做 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

complete the stowage plan; 完成配载图

keep the holds clean, dry and free of smell; 保持货舱清洁、干燥、无气味, prepare the cargo handling gear; 准备货物装卸工具

check the safety arrangements and ventilators in the holds;在货舱检查安全装置和通风。 prepare sufficient dunnage materials; 准备充分垫舱材料;

15. What is the loading capacity (装载能力) of your vessel? 什么是你的船承载能力呢？

The loading capacity of my vessel is 16789 cubic meters. (2000 TEUs). 我的承载能力的船只16789立方米。(2000货柜

16. What cargo handling gear and equipment does your vessel have? 用什么设备装卸货物 My vessel has winches and derricks. 我的船舶用绞车、吊杆。 17. What can be used to remove spillage? 什么可以用来清除溢出

The booms (浮木挡栅), straw (稻草), skimmer (撇油器) and absorbent materials (吸附材料) can be used for preventing spill oil spreading. (浮木挡栅稻草撇油器(吸附材料用来清除溢出

18. What should be ensured before entering the enclosed space? 在进入封闭的空间要保证什么?

Before entering an enclosed space, it should ensure that the space pass enough ventilation and there is no toxic air. 在进入一个封闭的空间,它应该确保经过足够通风没有有毒空气。 19. Please list some cargo papers. 请列出一些货物的文件

Cargo manifest (货物舱单); Stowage/Cargo plan (船舶配载图、船舶积载图)；Shipping order （装货单）；Bill of Lading (提单)；Hatch list (分舱单）；Heavy cargo list (重件货清单)；

20. What must you wear when you enter an enclosed space?当你进入封闭区域是你应该穿什么？

When I enter an enclosed space, I must wear the protective clothing and breathing apparatus. 当我进入到一个封闭的空间,我必须穿著防护衣和呼吸设备。

第五章 航行 口述题

1. Describe the duties of the watch-keeping officer when underway. 描述值班员在航行中的责任

The OOW is the Master's representative and is primarily responsible at all times for the safe navigation of the vessel and for complying with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (ColRegs 国际海上避碰规则). The officer of the navigational watch shall: 在任何时候安全航行的船舶航行值班人员是船长的代表和主要负责人,并遵守其国际海上避碰规则。航海值班人员应:

(1) Keep the watch on the bridge; 保持在驾驶台值班

(2) In no circumstances leave the bridge until properly relieved by an appropriate officer; 在任何情况下,直到有人来替换驾驶台值班,否则不能离开驾驶台

(3) Notify the Master when in any doubt as to what action to take in the interests of safety; 在有任何疑问时通知船长，采取何种行动影响船安全的利益

(4) Continue to be responsible for the safe navigation of the vessel despite the presence of a pilot on board; 继续负责船舶安全航行,尽引水在船

(5) Ensure that the vessel is in hand steering in areas of high traffic density, in conditions of restricted visibility and in all hazardous navigational situations; 在交通密度系统、条件和能见度危险航行的情况确保船使用手操舵

(6) Keep a proper record during the watch on the movement and activities relating to the navigation of the vessel; 保持有效记录船舶的运转和其他相关的航行活动

(7) Use the radar at all times in areas of high traffic density and whenever restricted visibility is encountered or expected; 雷达在所有时间内使用，在高交通密集区和能见度不良的时候

(8) Check the vessel's position, course and speed at frequent intervals; 检查船舶所在位置,速度航向，在频繁的间隔时间内。

2. Describe the bridge shift changes （驾驶台换班).描述驾驶台换班

(1) Before taking over a bridge , the relieving officer must: 在驾驶台接班人必须:

Read and understand the standing orders (常规命令）issued by the master; 阅读和理解船长分负责的常规命令。 Become familiar with the steaming plan, required course and speed changes, and master's call instruction(呼叫指令); 熟悉机器的计划,规定和速度的变化,呼叫指令 Confirm the ship’s present position;确定船舶的位置

Discuss the navigational situation with the officer on watch. 和值班员讨论的航行形势 (2) Procedures for shift changes: 驾驶台换班程序

The watch officer must never leave until properly relieved by a licensed deck officer; 值班员必须永远不会离开，直到有驾驶员来换班。

The watch officer must relieve the watch on time, and the relieving officer must report to the bridge early enough; 值班员必须按时换班,接班驾驶员早点到驾驶台

The change of conn(指挥操舵的改变）must be clearly stated and logged the actual time that it took place; 清楚声明和记录实际的指挥船舶人员的改变的时间地点。 (3) Special attention: 特别的注意:

If at the time the officer of the watch is to be relieved, a maneuver of action to avoid any hazard is taking place, the relief of the officer(驾驶员的换班） should be deferred （推迟）until such action is completed;接班时船舶正在进行避让的时候，应该推迟交班，直到实际行动完成为止。

The officer of the watch should not hand over the watch(交班）to the relieving officer if he has any reason to believe that the latter is not capable to carry out his duties effectively. 如果他有任何理由相信后者是没有能力执行工作值班员看不应交给下一值班员。

3. Describe the differences between navigating in narrow channel(狭水道） and in a traffic separation scheme（分道通航制). 描述航行在在狭水道和分道通航制之间的差别

According to COLREGs Rule 9, when navigating in narrow channels: 根据国际避碰规则第九条,航行在狭窄水道: (1) A vessl shall keep as near to the outer limit (外缘）of the channel which lies on her starboard side as safe and practicable; (1)尽可能安全的和可行的情况下船要靠水道右舷外

(2) A vessel shall not cross a narrow passage or fairway if such crossing impedes( 阻碍） the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway; 如果不能安全通过的航标或航道，船舶不得过狭水道或航道

(3) Overtaking (追越）can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken (被追越船）has to take action to permit safe passing; 只有被追越船同意才允许安全通过才允许追越发生

(4) Any vessel should, if the circumstances of the case admit(如果情况容许), avoid anchoring in a narrow channel. （如果情况容许）,船只避免在一个狭水道内抛锚According to COLREGs Rule 10 Traffic Separation Schemes, a vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall: 根据避碰规则十条分道通航使用分道通航方案:

(1) proceed in appropriate traffic lane (正确的通航分道）in the general direction of traffic flow ( 船舶总流向）for that lane; (1)船舶总流向是正确的通航水道。

(2) So far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line (分隔线）or separation zone(分隔带）；在可行的范围内远离交通分隔线或者分隔带