基于MATALB的数据采集器设计本科毕业设计 - 图文

基于MATLAB的数据采集器设计

基于MATLAB的数据采集器设计

摘要

在计算机广泛应用的今天，数据采集是计算机与外部物理世界连接的桥梁。随着计算机技术的飞速发展和普及，数据采集系统也迅速地得到应用。在生产过程中，应用这一系统可对生产现场的工艺参数进行采集，监视和记录，为提高产品质量，降低成本提供信息和手段。在科学研究中，应用数据采集系统可获得大量的动态信息，是研究瞬间物理过程的有力工具，也是获取科学奥秘的重要手段之一。总之，不论在哪个应用领域中，数据采集与处理越及时，工作效率就越高，取得的经济效益也越高。本论文针对语音信号的采集和处理设计了基于MATLAB的数据采集器，提出了系统构成、设计方案、开发过程。

本设计采用计算机作为数据采集系统的核心，系统分为传感器模块、信号调整模块、A/D转换模块、计算机等几部分。在此基础上设计了系统的总体方案，最后通过硬件和软件实现了各个功能模块。系统首先由传感器将信号测量并传送到信号调整模块进行放大或滤波，再经过声卡对信号的A/D转换（采集、量化、编码处理）后，存入计算机或进行信号处理。

硬件部分引用了传声器作为声音信号的传感器，AD620作为信号调整模块的放大器，用软件控制声卡作为信号的A/D转换模块，计算机用作信号的存储和处理。软件用MATLAB，主要用到MATLAB的数据采集工具箱。通过软件先对声卡初始化，创建设备对象，然后对采集中的各个参数进行设定。最后给出了采集数据的波形，从中可以看出，开发的数据采集经过实际的测试，基本上满足技术要求。

关键词： 数据采集；A/D转换；传感器；声卡

基于MATLAB的数据采集器设计

DATA ACQUISITION DESIGN BASED ON MATLAB

Abstract

Nowadays,as computers is widely used , Data Acquisition is a bridge between computer and the external physical world. Data Acquisition Systems is quickly applied with the rapid development and the popularity of computer technology. In order to improving product quality and reducing costs,this system is used to collect, monitor and record the production process parameters In the production process. applying data acquisition systems will gather a lot of dynamic information In scientific research, which is the powerful tool to study the Instantaneous physical process and one of important means of access to the mysteries of science. In short, more timely data acquire and process regardless of where applications, higher efficiency and higher economic efficiency will achieve.This thesis focuses on the collection and processing of voice signals of Data Acquisition design based on MATLAB, system structure, design and development process.

The core of Data Acquisition System is a computer, the system is divided into sensor module, signal conditioning module, A / D converter module, and computer parts.Based on this general scheme was put forward, and finally every module is testde and verified by the hardware and software. firstly, signals will be measured and transmitted to the signal adjustment module to zoom in or filter from the sensors. Secondly, the A / D conversion(collect, quantitative, coding process) of signal through the sound card.At last putting it stored into the computer or processed.

Hardware reference to the microphone as a sound signal sensor, AD620 as a signal amplifier in signal conditioning module, a sound card with software control as a A / D converter module of signal, the computer used to signal storage and processing.Software components with MATLAB, mainly used in MATLAB's Data Acquisition Toolbox. Firstly, initialized by the software on the sound card to create device object, then all the parameters collected in the

基于MATLAB的数据采集器设计

set.Finally, there is a graph sbout data acquisition waveform, from which shows, Data Acquisition after the actual test, almost meet the technical requirements.

Key words：Data Acquisition; A / D conversion; Sensor; Sound card

基于MATLAB的数据采集器设计

目录

1 绪论………………………..……………………………….………………………1 1.1 课题背景及意义………..……………………………….……………………1 1.2 数据采集器的研究状况………….…………………………………………2 1.3 论文的主要内容………..……………………………….……………………3 2 数据采集系统分析……..………………...……………….………………………4 2.1 数据采集系统构成………………………..............….………………………5 2.2 基于MATLAB的数据采集系统原理………………………….………………7 2.3 本章小结……..……………………………….………………………………9 3 基于MATLAB和声卡的数据采集器设计……..………………………………10 3.1方案选取……..……………………………….…………………………..…10 3.2 传声器的选择……..……………………………….………………………12 3.3 信号放大电路…..……………………………….…………………………13 3.4 声卡在A/D转换中的应用………………….……………………………..15

3.4.1 声卡在A/D转换中的原理………………….……………………15 3.4.2 声卡的驱动软件…………………………………………………16 3.4.3 采样参数设置……………………………………………………16 3.5本章小结……..……………………………….……………………………19 4 软件设计 ……..……………………………….……………………………..…20 4.1 基于MATLAB和声卡的软件流程……….……………………………..…20 4.2 系统调试……..……………………………….…………………………….25 4.3 本章小结……..……………………………….…………………………….26 5 结论……..……………………………….…………..……………………………27 致谢……..…………………..……………………………….………………………28 参考文献 ……..……………..……………………………….……………………29