2018新人教版八年级上册英语 单元语法及知识点归纳

12. one’s own +名词 “某人自己的东西”， 强调某物为个人所有 my own book 我自己的书本 【重点语法】

一般将来时“am/is/are going to +动词原形”结构 1. 基本形式

否定式：am/is/are not going to +动词原形

一般疑问式：am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他？ 特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式？

He is going to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在伦敦度假。

Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 Is he going to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集数据吗？ What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么？ 2. 基本用法

（1）表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。 Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。

（2）表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。 Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧！乌云密集。天要下雨了。

Unit7 Will people have robots?

【重点词语/短语用法解析】 1. many+可数名词 许多...... much +不可数名词 许多......

2. live to be+基数词 + years old“活到...…岁” 3. be in great danger 处在极大的危险中 4. play a part in +名/代/V-ing. 参与某事/做某事 Everyone should play a part in saving the earth. 5. help (sb.) with sth. 帮助（某人）做某事 He often helps me with my English. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助（某人）做…… He often helps me study English. help oneself ( to ) 自用(食物等) Help yourself to the fish. 请随便吃鱼

6. the same as… 和……一样...... 反义短语： be different from

7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. 某人花了……时间做某事(时态根据具体情况决定） It takes me an hour to get to my office.

spend time／money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱）

sb. spend time／money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。 I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我个小时。 They spent two years building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。 8. hundreds of + 名词复数 许多/大量...... 数词+hundred + 名词复数 几百......

类似的数词还有thousand（千） , million（万） There are four hundred students in our grade.

There are hundreds of tourists in Beijing every year. 9. during 在…期间

during the vacation/the daytime/the weekend 10. the meaning of …...的意思

Can you tell me the meaning of the words? 【重点语法】 一般将来时

Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?

【重点词语/短语用法解析】

1. cut是“切, 割”的意思，过去式为cut。 cut up 意为“切碎”

Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up. Cut it /them up.

2. turn on 打开, 接通(电流、煤气、水等) turn off 关掉, 截断(电流、煤气、水等) turn up 开大, 调高(音量、热量等) turn down 调低, 关小(音量、热量等) 3. one more thing 另外一件事情 another ten minutes 再多十分钟 数字+ more + 物品 指“另外的…… another + 数字 + 物品 指“另外的……

当数字为one时，常与more连用或只用 another。 Give me two more hamburgers？ another two hamburgers

4. forget to do sth. 忘记（去）做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事。

5. It’s a time （for sb）. to do sth. 该是（某人）做某事的时期了

It’s time （for sb.）to do sth. =It’s time for sth. 该是（某人）做某事的时间了。 It’s a time for you to study English.

It’s time for us to go to school.(It’s time for school.) 6. give thanks for +名/代V-ing “感恩...…” We should give thanks for our parents. He gave thanks for life and food.

7. Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a big meal. by +sth./doing :

1）以…...方式 I study English by listening to English songs. 2）在...…的旁边 I am sitting by the pool. 3）在...…之前 I have to go to school by 8:00. 4）搭乘 I go to school by bus.

8. Here is +名单(宾语) “这是…” 是倒装句 Here is a photo of my family. Here are+名复

Here are some English books.

当宾语是代词时，要用顺装。如：Here you are.(对) Here are you.(错) 9. fill sth. with sth. 用...…把…...装满 (强调动作) be full of“装满…”(强调状态) I filled the cup with the milk. The cup is full of the milk.

10. put…in(into)… 把…...放到...… 里 11. cover…with… 用…...覆盖

12. cut …into 把…...切成...… Cut the apple into four pieces. cut up… 切碎

13. serve v. 服务 n. service

serve +名/代 “提供…” The shop serves nice food.

serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. Serve it to your friends with some vegetables. serve sb. with sth. “用某物招待某人” Serve the guests with some tea. 【重点语法】 名词的单复数

Unit9 Can you come to my party?

【重点词语/短语用法解析】

1. one…another… 表示不确定数目中的另一个 one…the other… 表示两者中的另一个 I don't like this one, can you show me another?

I have two brothers. One is a lawyer and the other is a manager. some…others… 表示没有范围限定的“一些…...另一些...…” some…the others… 表示某一范围的“一些...…其余的…...” Some go to school by bike and others go to school by bus. Some go to school by bike and the others go to school by bus. 2. invite v. 邀请 n. invitation invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人干某事” invite sb. to+地点名词

1) Mr. Green invited me to visit his factory last week. 2) Thanks a lot for your invitation 3) Thanks for inviting me to your party.

3.（1）What’s the date today? 意为“今天是几月几号？” It’s +月+日。 （2）What day is it today? 意为“今天是星期几？”It’s + 星期几。 —What’s the date? —It’s September 10th. —What day is it today? — It’s Wednesday. 4. have a lesson(class) 上课 have an English lesson

5. prepare v. 准备 n. preparation

prepare sth. “准备某物”，所准备的东西就是后面的宾语。 prepare for sth. “为……做准备”，指为后面的宾语做准备 prepare to do sth. “准备做某事”

6. bring...to…“带来”把某物从别的地方带到说话人的地方 take…to …“带去”把某物从说话的地方带到别处去。

（两者方向相反）

Bring your homework here, and take the book away. 把你的作业拿过来，把这本书带走。 7. without（介词）没有 反义词：with“具有” We can’t live without water. Jane is a beautiful girl with long hair. 8. so that +从句： 以便于；目的是 I study hard so that I can get good grades. 9. surprise n. 惊奇

surprised adj. 感到惊奇的（指人） surprising adj. 令人惊奇的（指物） be surprised at sth.“惊奇于某事” to one’s surprise “令某人惊奇的是”

① I’m surprised at the surprising news. 我对这个令人惊讶的消息感到很吃惊。

② To my surprise, he left without leaving a word. 令我惊奇的是，他一声不响地离开了。 10. look forward to (介词)+名/代/V-ing I look forward to your reply. 我期待你的答复。 I look forward to seeing you again.

11. hear from sb. = get a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信。

I heard from my friends yesterday.=I got a letter from my friend yesterday. 12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式 Exercising is the best way to keep healthy.

13. how to do that. “该怎么做” ，疑问词+to do sth常用来做宾语 I don’t know how to make a banana milk shake. I don’t know what to do. 14. at the end of “在…末尾” Now, it is at the end of 2014.

反义短语：at the beginning of “ 在…开始”

15. be glad/happy/sad to do sth.“很高兴/难过做某事 I am glad to see you. 16. reply to sb./sth.“回复…”

Reply in writing to the invitation “以写信形式回复这份邀请函” 【重点语法】 一. 表示邀请的句型

1. Can/Could you…(come to my party)?

2. Would you like to..( Would you like to my party)? 接受：Sure/Yes/Of course, I’d love/like to.

拒绝:：① I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to/must+V原 (陈述理由 ) ② I’d love/like to, but I … (理由) 3.I’m afraid not. I…(理由) 二. must与have to

1. must 表示主观“必须”；must 表示“主观上的要求”，无人称和时态的变化，否定回答: needn’t 或 don't have to (不必)。mustn’t 表示“禁止”.

2. have to表客观需要，有人称和时态变化，否: don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to (没必要)