江苏省南京市、盐城市2018届高三一模英语试卷

Privatecitizensaregettinginontheacttoo:cyclistsincreasinglywearheadcamsasaninsuranceagainstaggressivedrivers.Ascameratechnologygetssmallerandcheaper,itisn?thardtoforeseeafuturewherewe?reallfilmingeverythingallthetime,ineverydirection.Would that bea good thing?

Theavailableevidencesuggeststhatitdiscouragesbehaviorsuchaspolicebrutality.Anotherupsideisthatitwouldbehardertogetawaywithcrimesortoescapeblameforaccidents.Butaworldoncameracouldhavesubtlenegativeeffects.ThefloodofdatawepourintothehandsofGoogle,Facebookandothershasalreadyprovedamixedblessing.Thosecompanieswouldnodoubtbewillingtouploadandstoreourbody-camdataforfree, probablywith theassistanceofmachinelearningalgorithms(算法)---butatwhatcostto

privacyandfreedomofchoice?Body-camdatacouldalsocreatealegalminefield.Disputesoverthe validity andinterpretationof policefootage(执法镜头)havealready surfaced.

Eventually,eventsnotcaughtoncameracouldbetreatedasiftheydidn?thappen,likeatreefallingintheforest.Alternatively,footagecouldbefakedordoctoredtoescapeblameorincriminate others.

Ofcourse, there?salwaystheargument that ifyou?renotdoinganythingwrong,youhavenothingtofear.Butmostpeoplehavedonesomethingembarrassing,orevenillegal,thattheyregretandwouldpreferhadn?tbeencaughtonfilm.Peoplealreadyinspecttheirsocialmediafeeds---oravoiddoinganythinginadequateinpublic---forfearofdamagingtheirreputation.Would widespreadapplicationofbodycamshavea furtherfrighteningeffect on ourfreedom?Thealways-on-cameraworldcouldeventhreatensomeofthenaturesthatmakeushuman.Wearenaturalgossipsandbackbiters,andwhilethosemightnotbedesirablebehavior,theyoilthewheelsofoursocialinteractions.Oncepeopleassumetheyarebeingfilmed,theyarelikelytoshutup.Wearenowherenearthatpointyetwhereeveryonewillfeeltheyneedoneasaninsurancepolicy,butweshouldthinkhardaboutwhetherwereallywanttosaylights,bodycam, action.

58. What is the benefit offilmingto average people?

A. Promotingthe widespread useof smartphonesin public. B. Fightingcrimesorbad behavior byproviding solid evidence. C. Guaranteeingcyclistsandpedestrians moresafetyon roads. D. Encouragingbetter performance ofthepoliceand teachingstaff. 59. Inthe author?sview, thedatafloodingintotechgiantsisfairly A. comforting

B. puzzling

C. worrying

.

B. warnsus not to be caught on film

.

D.satisfying

60. Certainundesirable behavior is important because if A. functionsasan insurancepolicy

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C. preventsinadequate social behavior

D.motivates human dailycommunication

C

Aso-called“smartdrug”intended to improve cognitiv（e to protect

认知的）performance also seems

the brain fromaltitude sickness.

Evenmorepeoplearevisitinghigh-altitudesitesforwork,sport,religiouspilgrimagesand militarycan lead tocognitiveeffects,includingmemoryloss andattentiondifficulties.

There?slittleyoucandotopreventthesesymptomsotherthanacclimatize—butthistakestimeanddoesn?t always work.Adrugcalled oxiracetammightbetheanswer.

ShengLiHuattheThirdMilitaryMedicalUniversity,Chongqing,Chinaandhercolleaguesstudiedtheperformanceofmalemilitarypersonnelataltitude.Alllivedintownsaround1800metersabovesealevel.Duringthestudy,theyspenteightdaysatthisaltitudeand then climbed forthree days to reach 4000 meters,wheretheystayedforup to amonth.

Twentyparticipantstookoxriacetamthreetimesadayforthefirst15daysofthestudy,whileanother20receivednointervention.Themandidtestsofattentionandmemoryatthestartandendofthestudyand20daysin,bywhichtimetheyhadbeenat4000metersfor ninedays.

Whilealltheparticipantsexperiencedadropincognitiveabilityat4000meters,thosewhotook oxiracetamshowed amuchsmallerdeclinethanthe controlgroup.

Bloodflowmeasurementsindicatedthatathighaltitude,partsofthebrain?scerebralcirculatorysystemcontractedanddilated（扩张）inawaythatpromotedbloodflowtothebrainstem.Thisisn?tsurprising,sincethebrainstemplaysacriticalroleinthemaintenanceof basic vitalsigns.

Theteamalsofoundthatthebrainstemreceivedbloodattheexpenseofareasresponsibleformoreadvancedcognitivefunctions.Butinpeoplewhotookoxiracetam,morearteriesdilated,sobloodflowthroughoutthebrainrose.Thismaybehowthedrugseemstolessen cognitive problemsliked with low oxygen.

Itisn?tyetknownwhetherdivertingbloodinthiswaycouldhavenegativeeffectsinthelongrun.

“Theresultsarestrikingandimplythatoxiracetammaybebeneficialforhelpingtorelievecognitivedeficitscausedbyaltitude,”saysTimothyHalesattheUniversityofDundee, UK.

Oxiracetamisnotlicensedfor medicaluseglobally,butitisknowntobeamildstimulant,says Hales. “Cocaleaves havebeenusedbynativeAndeansforcenturies toovercomealtitudesicknessandthisisattributedtotheirmodestcocainecontent.Soperhapsitis not surprisingthat benefitcan be derivedfromanother,though mild,stimulant.”

61. Theunderlined word“acclimatize” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaningto .

A. adapt

B.interact C. exist D.object

62. What does the experimentdonein China reveal?

A. Thehigheraltitudeyouareat, thesloweryourbrain will be.

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B. At 4000 meters, thetwo subjectgroups showno difference. C. Memorytests are beneficial to relievingattention difficulties. D. “Smartdrug” largelycounters negative effectsof altitude sickness. 63. Accordingto the passage, therootcauseofthecognitiveeffectsliesin A. physicaltiredness B. low oxygencontent

C. cognitive training

D.extreme highaltitude B.Oxiacetam—a magicdrug

D.Problems on high-altitude sites D

IfyoureadTheFaultinourstarsonlytofindayoungadultromanceofHazelGraceandAugustusWaters,thenyoudefinitelyunderestimatethepowerofsophisticatedsymbolism,emotions,andliteratureJohnGreenoffers.Iremembersomeonesaying“You

don’treadagreatbook;itreadsyou.”Thefaultinourstarsisoneofthosebooks.Itgivesyoutheconceptofwhatcancersarelike,ofhowchildreninparticularfightthem,revealsandremindsyouofyourfirstloveinlife,alwaystheyoungestandthemostinnocent.Iwillresistmyurgetotellyoutheplotandspoilthewholestory,butIpromiseyoueverysinglepagehereisworthagreatdealofexcitement,humorandabunchofotherstufflisteddownherewhichIthink areinteresting.

Thebookgiveslivestowherewefinddeaths.Thejoyoflivingcomesinwhenterminalcancerisnothing

morethanjust,“asideeffectofdying”,whenyoucanlaughinthemisfortunesofdiseaseandsay“I?monarollercoasterthatonlygoesup,myfriend.”Thefaultinourstars,however,starswithHazel?s“depression”likemanyofusstartsanewday.Thus,Hazel?smotherwantshercancer-strickendaughtertohavealife,puttingherintheSupportGroup.Lateron,IssacandAugustusgiveherhopeandsomethingtobelievein.Thefriendshiptiedbythesharedintellectualcuriosityanddreams.ThestoryissocarefullyplottedthateventhoughHazeldoesn?tgotoschoollikeotherkids,herlifeissointouchwithours. Everyonein a while willfeelasifeverythinggoeswrong,that itsucks atbeingwhatit?ssupposedtobe.Badgrades,gettingdumped,orevenhavingaterminaldisease.“Thepaindemandstobefelt.”Butafterall,howlongshouldittakeustogivesufferingsabreakissubjecttobeviewedpersonally,sinceitwoulddeterminewhetherornotwebecomeatypeofPeterVanHouten,Hazel?sfavoritewriterinthenovel.

JohnGreenalsocaresaboutyourdreamsandambitions.Asyoureadthroughchapters,especiallytowardtheend,youwillfindoutHazelandAugustushavewidelydifferentideasofwhatthey thinkisa“goodlife.”HereIfindareflectionofmy soulinAugustus?s,withall

. 64. What is the best titleforthe passage?

A. Fighthighanxiety

C. Keepsharpataltitude

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hisdesiretoleaveamarkontheworld.Suchaguyheisseekingforgloriesandmeaningsoflife,fearingmostoblivion.Othersmayfindthemselves,incontrast,caringnotaboutrecognition.TheyarelikeHazelGrace,seeingheroismasanactofnoticingandlovingandsharing.Bothideasarebeautifulandproofedtobefearlesstobetogetherdespiteanymentalor physicalchallengeslyingon their wayto thepursuit of happiness.

① “Apparently,theworldisnotawish-grantingfactory.”Thebookembracesthe

restless,innocentdesiresofyoungminds.

whenyou?reatthe4thstageofcancertofindoutwhathappensaftertheendofyourfavoritebook?Wouldyoudaretolovethedying,tobeokaytolovewhenyou?redying,ortoforgive

③_Inthebook,youwillfind

yourselfforhurtingthosewholoveyouincaseyoudie?

JohnGreenmentionsabouthow“someinfinitiesaregreaterthanotherinfinities,”which

means,Ithink,infinitiescanbedefined,expandedandshrunk._④

bytakingchances,andifwefailwhiledoingso,thenthefaultissimplyinoutstars,notourselves.

Funny,romantic,unputdownableandprofound,Thefaultinourstarsisdefinitelyoneofthebestyoungadultfictionbooksinthecentury.Itmaytouchthereadersinmanydifferentways.Inheresomewillfindhumor,somewillfindencouragement,andsomewillfindabookasabondforanewlovestory.ButifyouinsistthatyouonlywanttoreadagoodlovestoryinThefaultofinourstars,that?sfinetoo.It?sanexcellentbookthat remindsusofthosewho areimportant. 65. Theunderlined part in Paragraph 1 implies

Infinitiesarecreated

②

WouldyoucareforatriptoAmsterdam

A. readers?viewstendtovaryonthesamebook B. readerschoose booksbased on their tastes C. books arecreated tocaterto different needs D. bookscanreflectreaders?life

66. Accordingto John Green,what is the basisforthe friendshipbetween Hazel andAugustus?

A. Dreamingofthe samegoodlife.

B. Sufferingfromthecommon disease. C. Beingcuriousandenterprisingin life. D. Beingattracted toeach otherforuniqueness. 67. Theauthor believesthat heis somewhat like_ A. Hazel

B.Issac

C. Augustus

D.Peter VanHouten

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