高中英语人教版必修三第一单元导学案

①shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿。如: What shall we do this evening?今天晚上我们做什么? ②shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如:

Shall we begin our lesson?我们开始上课好吗?

When shall he be able to leave the hospital?他什么时候可以离开医院?

③shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如: You shall fail if you don’t work harder. 如果你不更加努力,你会失败的。 (警告) He shall have the book when I finish reading. 我读完了这本书他可以看。 (允诺) 2)should的用法:

should表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是ought to;在疑问句中,通常用should代替ought to。如:

You should go to class right away.你应该立刻去教室。

温馨提示:Why(How)+should 结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等意思。意为―竟会‖。如:

Why should you be so late today? 你今天怎么来得这么晚?

—Where is Betty living?——贝蒂现住在哪里? —How should I know?——我怎么会知道呢? I don’t know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。 5.must

(1)must表示―必须,必要‖,用于一般疑问句中,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。如:

—Must I finish the paper today? ——今天我必须完成论文吗?

—Yes, you must.——是的,你必须。 —No, you needn’t.——不,你不必。 (2)mustn’t 意为:禁止,千万不要。如:

You mustn’t play with fire.你千万不要玩火。

(3)有时must意为:偏偏,非要;指令人不愉快的事情。如: The car must break down at that time. 汽车偏偏在那时坏了。

4)must表示推测。表示对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,must后面通常接系动词be的原形或行为动词的进行式。 You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.

你辛苦干了一整天,一定累了。 (对现在情况的推测判断) He must be working in his office.他一定在办公室工作呢。 辨析:have to, must

①两词都是―必须‖的意思,have to表示客观的需要,must表示说话人主观上的看法,即主观上的必要。

My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。客观上需要做这件事) He said that they must work hard.

他说他们必须努力工作。 (主观上要做这件事)

②have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。

He had to look after his sister yesterday. 昨天,他不得不照看他妹妹。

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③在否定结构中: don’t have to 表示―不必‖;mustn’t表示―禁止‖。 You don’t have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustn’t tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。 6.情态动词+have done

(1)can(could)+have done的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或否定,另外could have done还表示―过去本能够做,但实际上未做……‖。例如: Where can/could they have gone?他们会到哪儿去了呢? You could have come 5 minutes earlier. 你本能够早来5分钟。

(2)may(might)+have done表示对过去所发生事情的推测。例如: It’s too late. I think he may have gone to bed. 天太晚了,我想他或许上床睡觉了。

That was too dangerous. You might have killed yourself. 那太危险了。你当时可能会丧命的。

(3) should+ have done表示过去本应该做而实际上未做,而shouldn’t+ have done表示过去本不应该做但实际上做了。 例如:

You should have started earlier.你本应该早点动身。 You shouldn’t have told her the truth. 你本不该告诉她真相。

(4) must+ have done表示对过去发生情况的肯定推测。 例如:

It must have rained last night for the path is very muddy. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为小路非常泥泞。 课后巩固练习案：

一能力提升

1.—Will you read me a story, Mummy?

—OK. You have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.(2011陕西,24) A. might B. must C. could D. shall

2.It be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock. (2011江西,23) A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t

3—Must I finish the paper today? —No, you _________. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. don’t have D. needn’t 4.You _________ play with fire. It’s too dangerous. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. could D. may 5.Why ______ you be so late today? A. can B. will C. must D. should 6.I _______ never do that again. A. can B. will C. must D. should 7.______ you succeed! A. May B. Could C. Can D. Need 8. The man _______ be Mr Green. He has gone to Paris. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. must D. may

9.It _______have rained last night for the path is very muddy. A. should B. could C. must D. may

10. You are late again. You _______ have started earlier. A. should B. could C. must D. may

11. He _______ be working in his office for the light is on in it.

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A. should B. could C. must D. may

12. He ______ look after his sister at home yesterday, because his mother was out. A. must B. has to C. had to D. would

二 课后反思：1本节收获： 2 存在问题： 三 预习写作

Period5 Writing

在当今世界，了解最新信息是很关键的。请你结合下面的提示，写一篇关于信息的短文。 信息的重要性 1．在许多领域，成功与否取决于是看得到最新信息 2．失败与缺乏信息有关 信息的来源渠道 1．阅读报刊、收听广播、观看电视等 2．上网查询资料 信息的前景

(写作要求)

1．必须使用5个句子介绍全部所给的内容。

2．将5个句子组织成连贯的一篇短文，使用必要的连接词。

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信息将起着越来越重要的作用 19

_______ [答案]

In the modem world, it is important to be well informed, because success in many fields depends on getting the latest information. While, failure often results from the lack of necessary information.

There are many ways of getting information. For example, we read newspapers and news magazines, listen to the news on the radio, watch it on television, and we can also surf the Internet for various kinds of information. It is believed that information will play a more and more important part in the future.

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