PMP-常用缩写和公式（中英双语版）

According to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put this stage concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exchange, purpose is let we further deep understanding mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Party's 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the party's advnced nature and purity, in the party, with \ean for the people\he main content of the party's mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party, strengthen the party's major decision is in line with the public expectations and strengthening the construction of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist party's major deployment, is the important measure to advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, carry out the party's mass line in education practice, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream of urgent needs. Party's 18 to promote strategic deployment to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020 China's gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the basis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 Congress of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, China important to follow is to keep China Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, China, China, China. Strategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading people to hard to realize the Chinese dream, mass education activities in depth the fundamental starting point and ending point. Strengthen the education of the party's mass line, helps to train the collective consciousness of the unity of the party and the people, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have \on language%ust have \has常用缩写 A

AC：实际成本- Actual Cost : 在一个给定的时间段内，为完成进度活动或工作分解结构组成部分的工作，而实际发生并记录在案的总成本。实际成本有时仅为直接工时或直接成本，有时也为包括间接成本在内的所有成本。实际成本也称“已完工作实际成本（ACWP）”。参见“挣值管理”和“挣值技术”。

ACWP：已完成工作实际成本- Actual Cost of Work Performed : 见“实际成本”。AC B

BAC：完工预算- Budget At Completion：项目工作、工作分解结构组成部分或进度活动的所有预算之和，即项目的总计划价值。即PV之和

BCWP：已完成工作预算成本- Budgeted Cost of Work Performed：见“挣值”。EV

BCWS：计划工作预算成本- Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled：见“计划价值”。PV C

CCB：变更控制委员会-Change Control Board：由干系人正式组成的团体，负责审议、评价、批准、推迟或否决项目变更，所有决定和建议均应记录在案。 COQ：质量成本-Cost Of Quality：确定为保证质量而付出的成本的一种方法。预防和评估成本（一致性成本）包括为确保符合要求而进行质量规划、质量控制和质量保证的成本（即培训、质量控制体系等）。缺陷成本（非一致性成本）包括对不合格产品、部件或过程的返工成本，保修工作和废品的成本，以及名誉的损失。

CPF：成本加费用-Cost Plus Fee:

CPFF：成本加固定费用- Cost Plus Fixed Fee [Contract]：成本补偿合同的一种类型，买方为卖方报销可列支成本（可列支成本由合同确定），再加上一笔固定数额的利润（费用）。

CPAF：成本加奖励费用- Cost Plus Award Fee [Contract]：为卖方报销履行合同工

roved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today ... Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the party's governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the party's flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of party's advanced nature and purity and enhancing the party's ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the party's fundamental standards, is a measure of the party's advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different from other political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses ' assessment, which itself was the party's advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still someAccording to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put this stage concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exchange, purpose is let we further deep understanding mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Party's 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the party's advanced nature and purity, in the party, with \ean for the people\he main content of the party's mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party, strengthen the party's major decision is in line with the public expectations and strengthening the construction of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist party's major deployment, is the important measure to advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, carry out the party's mass line in education practice, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream of urgent needs. Party's 18 to promote strategic deployment to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020 China's gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the basis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 Congress of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, China important to follow is to keep China Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, China, China, China. Strategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading people to hard to realize the Chinese dream, mass education activities in depth the fundamental starting point and ending point. Strengthen the education of the party's mass line, helps to train the collective consciousness of the unity of the party and the people, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have \on language%ust have \has作所发生的一切合法成本，但是只有在满足了合同中规定的某些笼统、主观的绩效标准的情况下，才能向卖方支付大部分费用。完全由买方根据自己对卖方绩效的主观判断来决定奖励费用，并且卖方通常无权申诉。

CPIF：成本加激励费用- Cost Plus Incentive Fee [Contract]：成本补偿合同的一种类型，买方为卖方报销可列支成本（可列支成本由合同确定），并且卖方在达到规定绩效标准时赚取利润。

CPI：成本绩效指数-Cost Performance Index：项目成本效率的一种指标，是挣值（EV）与实际成本（AC）之比。CPI=EV／AC。

CPM：关键路径法-Critical Path Methodology：一种进度网络分析技术，用来确定项目进度网络中各条逻辑路径的灵活性大小（浮动时间大小），进而确定整个项目的最短工期。从规定的开始日期开始，利用顺推计算法计算最早开始和完成日期。从规定的完成日期（可能是顺推计算所得到的项目最早完成日期）开始，利用逆推计算法计算最晚开始和完成日期。

CV：成本偏差-Cost Variance：项目成本绩效的一种指标，是挣值（EV）与实际成本（AC）之差。CV=EV?AC。 D

Duration (DU or DUR) 持续时间：完成某进度活动或工作分解结构组成部分所需的工作时段总数（不包括节假日或其他非工作时段）。通常用工作日或工作周表示。有时被错误地等同于“自然流逝时间”。与“人力投入”比较。 E

EAC：完工估算[输出／输入] -Estimate at Completion [Output/Input] ：为完成某进度活动、工作分解结构组成部分或整个项目所需的预期总成本。EAC 既可以根据迄今为止的实际绩效进行计算，也可以由项目团队根据其他因素做出估算，后者也常称“最新修订估算”。参见“挣值技术”和“完工尚需估算”。 ETC：完工尚需估算[输出／输入] -Estimate to Completion[Output/Input ]：为完成某进度活动、工作分解结构组成部分或整个项目的所有剩余工作而预计需要的成本。参见“挣值技术”和“完工估算”。

EV：挣值-Earned Value Management ：进度活动或工作分解结构组成部分的已完成工作的价

roved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today ... Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the party's governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the party's flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of party's advanced nature and purity and enhancing the party's ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the party's fundamental standards, is a measure of the party's advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different from other political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses ' assessment, which itself was the party's advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelmng majority of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still someAccording to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put this stage concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exchange, purpose is let we further deep understanding mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Party's 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the party's advanced nature and purity, in the party, with \ean for the people\he main content of the party's mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party, strengthen the party's major decision is in line with the public expectations and strengthening the construction of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist party's major deployment, is the important measure to advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, carry out the party's mass line in education practice, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream of urgent needs. Party's 18 to promote strategic deployment to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020 China's gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the basis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 Congress of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, China important to follow is to keep China Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, China, China, China. Strategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading people to hard to realize the Chinese dream, mass education activities in depth the fundamental starting point and ending point. Strengthen the education of the party's mass line, helps to train the collective consciousness of the unity of the party and the people, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have \on language%ust have \has

江湖客PMP?

值，用分配给该工作的预算数来表示。也称“已完工作预算成本（BCWP）”。 ES：最早开始时间-Earliest Start Date：在关键路径法中，基于进度网络逻辑、数据日期和所有进度制约因素，某进度活动（或项目）的未完部分可能开始的最早时点。最早开始日期可随项目的进展和项目管理计划的变更而改变。 EF：最早结束时间-Earliest Finish Date：在关键路径法中，基于进度网络逻辑、数据日期和所有进度制约因素，某进度活动（或项目）的未完部分可能完成的最早时点。最早完成日期可随项目的进展和项目管理计划的变更而改变。 EMV：预期货币价值分析- Expected Monetary Value Analysis：当某些情况在未来可能发生、也可能不发生时，计算平均结果的一种统计技术。这种技术经常在决策树分析中使用。 F

FF: 完成到完成- Finish to Finish：只有当紧前活动完成，紧后活动才能完成的逻辑关系。参见“逻辑关系”。

FFP：固定总价[合同]- Firm Fixed Price [Contract]：不考虑卖方实际成本，由买方向卖方支付事先确定的金额（由合同规定）的一种总价合同。 FPIF：总价加激励费用- Fixed Price Incentive Fee

FP-EPA：总价加经济价格调整- Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment FMEA：失效模式与影响分析[技术]：-Failure Mode and Effect Analysis [Technique]：一种分析程序用来分析产品的每个部件的每种可能失效模式及其对该部件的可靠性的影响，并确定每种失效模式本身或与其他失效模式联合将对产品或系统的可靠性的影响，或对该部件的必备功能的影响；或者，用来检查产品（在整个系统和／或较低层次上）的所有可能失效模式。对于每一种可能的失效，都要估计对整个系统的影响。此外，还应该审查为降低失效的概率和影响而计划采取的行动。

FS: 完成到开始- Finish to Start：紧后活动的开始依赖于紧前活动的完成的逻辑关系。参见“逻辑关系”。 I

IFB：投标邀请书- Invitation For Bid：通常本术语等同于建议邀请书。但在某些应用领域，其含义可能更狭窄或更具体。

roved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today ... Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the party's governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the party's flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of party's advanced nature and purity and enhancing the party's ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the party's fundamental standards, is a measure of the party's advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different from other political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basiprinciples of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses ' assessment, which itself was the party's advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still some第 3页 / 共 13页

According to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put this stage concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exchange, purpose is let we further deep understanding mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Party's 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the party's advanced nature and purity, in the party, with \ean for the people\he main content of the party's mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party, strengthen the party's major decision is in line with the public expectations and strengthening the construction of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist party's major deployment, is the important measure to advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, carry out the party's mass line in education practice, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream of urgent needs. Party's 18 to promote strategic deployment to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020 China's gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the basis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 Congress of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, China important to follow is to keep China Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, China, China, China. Strategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading people to hard to realize the Chinese dream, mass education activities in depth the fundamental starting point and ending point. Strengthen the education of the party's mass line, helps to train the collective consciousness of the unity of the party and the people, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have \on language%ust have \hasL

LS：最晚开始日期-Late Start Date：在关键路径法中，基于进度网络逻辑、项目完成日期和任何施加于进度活动的制约因素，在不违反进度制约因素或延误项目完成日期的条件下，允许某进度活动最晚开始的时点。最晚开始日期在项目进度网络的逆推计算中确定。

LF：最晚完成日期- Late Finish Date：在关键路径法中，基于进度网络逻辑、项目完成日期和任何施加于进度活动的制约因素，在不违反进度制约因素或延误项目完成日期的条件下，允许某进度活动最晚完成的时点。最晚完成日期在项目进度网络的逆推计算中确定。 LOE：人力投入量- Level of Effort O

OBS：组织分解结构[工具]- Organizational Breakdown Structure [Tool]：对项目组织的一种层级描述，以便把工作包与相应的执行部门联系起来。 P

PDM：紧前关系绘图法-Precedence Diagramming Method: 一种用方框（或节点）表示计划活动的进度网络图绘制技术。进度活动在图形中按一种或多种逻辑关系连接起来，以显示活动的实施顺序。

PMBOK：项目管理知识体系-Project Management Body of Knowledge：说明项目管理专业范围内的知识总和的概括性术语。与法律、医学、会计等其他专业一样，该知识体系掌握在应用和推进它的实践者和学者手中。完整的项目管理知识体系既包括已被验证并广泛应用的传统做法，也包括本专业新近涌现的创新做法。该知识体系包括已发表和未发表的材料。该知识体系正处于不断演进中。PMI的PMBOK? 指南识别了作为项目管理知识体系一部分的、被普遍公认的良好做法。

PMIS：项目管理信息系统-Project Management Information System：由收集、整合和传播项目管理过程成果的工具和技术所组成的信息系统。它为项目从启动到收尾的所有方面提供支持，可以包括人工和自动系统。

PV：计划价值-Planned Value：为某进度活动或工作分解结构组成部分的预定工作进度而分配且经批准的预算。也称“计划工作预算成本”。

roved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today ... Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the party's governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the party's flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of party's advanced nature and purity and enhancing the party's ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the party's fundamental standards, is a measure of the party's advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different from other political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses ' assessment, which itself was the party's advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelmng majority of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still some