[高级英语]unit4 - zoology - student version

Unit Four Zoology

fertilizer protein furnish terrestrial

n. n. v. a.

any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile 肥料

essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues 蛋白质 provide 供给，提供，给予

of or relating to or inhabiting the land as opposed to the sea or air 地球的，陆地的

any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair 哺乳动物

any animal that feeds chiefly on grass and other plants 食草动物 related to or dealing with or devoted to archaeology 考古学的 no longer in existence 消失，废止

the total mass of living matter in a given unit area [生态] 生物量 any animal that feeds on flesh 食肉动物 cause to procreate (animals) 繁殖，饲养 the state of being imprisoned 囚禁，关押

natural or acquired habit or characteristic tendency in a person or thing 性情，脾气，气质

a series of ordered groupings of people or things within a system 层级，等级制度

related by having something in common with or coinciding with 重叠的 the property of being close together 接近，邻近

mammal herbivore archaeological extinction biomass carnivore breed captivity disposition

n. n. a. n. n. n. v. n. n.

hierarchy overlapping proximity

n. a. n.

2.3 All In One:

a) Eurasia has the most species of wild mammals to begin with. b) Eurasia loses the fewest to extinction in the last 40,000 years. c) Eurasia has generated the most candidates for domestication. Long sentence 1: ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

5 / 11

Unit Four Zoology

a) A candidate for domestication must be primarily a herbivore. b) It takes less plant biomass to feed a plant eater than it does to feed a carnivore. c) A carnivore consumes plant eaters. Long sentence 2: ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

a) Not all species can be domesticated.

b) Only the species with the following three social characteristics can be domesticated. c) They live in a herd. d) They maintain a dominance hierarchy in the herd. e) These herds occupy overlapping home ranges instead of mutually exclusive territories. Long sentence 3: ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

2.4 Summary

3. Let’s Listen 3.1 Note taking

6 / 11

Unit Four Zoology

3.2 Exercises

1. What topics does the professor mainly discuss? A. How predators find, catch, and eat prey B. Behaviors that help prey avoid predators C. Changes in predator and prey populations D. Defensive coloration in prey animals

2. Why does the professor say this:

A. To explain why prey animals must be fast runners

B. To compare the amount of energy used by predators and prey C. To illustrate a disadvantage of an active anti-predator response D. To give an example of an adaptation that benefits predators

3. What takes place during a mobbing event? A. A prey animal runs away from a predator. B. Prey species chase, scold, and attack a predator. C. Predators join together in a group to hunt prey. D. The population of a prey species increases rapidity.

4. Listen again to part of lecture. Then answer the question.

A. To explain why camouflage is not a perfect defense B. To imply that birds and moths evolved at the same time C. To describe how birds use their eyesight to find food D. To compare the survival strategies of birds and moths

5. What does the professor mean when she says this:

A. Some birds have discovered that brightly-colored insects taste good. B. Some birds have chemical defenses similar to those of insects. C. Some birds appear able to manage the poison of bees and wasps. D. Some birds may have forgotten the meaning of bright coloration.

6. Based on the information in the lecture, indicate whether each situation below involves camouflage, chemical weapons, or warning coloration. A toad squirts a nerve poison from glands on it back. A fish cannot be seen against rocks of the same color. A bird avoids eating a black and yellow striped wasp. An insect disguises itself to look like a leaf.

3.3 Words & Expressions words v. Definitions a biological interaction where a predator (an animal that is hunting) feeds on its prey (the animal that is attacked) 捕食 animal hunted or caught for food 被捕食的动物 Camouflage Chemical weapons Warning coloration predation prey n. n. 7 / 11

Unit Four Zoology

elude encounter flee shelter vocalization presence trigger mob spot strike

v. v. v. n. n. n. v. v. v. v.

escape, either physically or mentally 逃避，躲避 come upon, as if by accident遭遇，偶然碰见 run away quickly 逃走，消失

a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger 庇护所 the sound made by the vibration of vocal folds modified by the resonance of the vocal tract 发声，发音 the state of being present 存在，参加 put in motion or move to act 引发，触发 press tightly together or cram 大举包围，围攻 catch sight of 认出

make a strategic, offensive, assault against an enemy, opponent, or a target 侵袭

an outward semblance that misrepresents the true nature of something 伪装，掩饰

mix together different elements 混合 densely populated 人口稠密的 eat like a bird 啄食

combine so as to form a more complex, product 合成，综合 a marking of a different color or texture from the background 条纹，斑纹

unthinking; prompted by (or as if by) instinct 直觉的，本能的

camouflage blend populous peck synthesize stripe instinctive

n. v. a. v. v. n. a.

4. Let’s speak

You will read a short passage and then listen to a talk on the same topic. You will then be asked a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.

8 / 11