艺考生课程 - 语法 第四十二讲 非谓语动词

（2）作宾语：

常用不定式作宾语的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, afford,arrange等。例如：

How did you manage to finish it so soon?你是怎么设法这么快就完成这件事的？

注意：如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，常见的词有：think, feel, expect, make, suppose,find等。例如：

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. Marx觉得研究俄罗斯的情况比较困难。

（3）作定语：

位置：动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。例如： I have a meeting to attend. 我有一个会议要参加。

注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about.

What did you open it with?

如果不定式修饰time, place或way，可以省略介词：

He has no place to live. This is the best way to work out this problem.

【考查点】不定式的被动形式to be done修饰名词，表示将来时间的被动。例如：

The book to be publishednext week is about our local culture.

（4）作状语：

①表目的，常译成“为了”，不定式一般放在主句之后，但为了强调目的也可放在句首。例如：We should do whatever we can to help them. To save money, he has tried every means.

注意：不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.）

②表结果（往往是与预期愿望相反的结果）：常用搭配only to do sth，例如： He arrived late only to find the train had gone. I visited him only to find him out.

③表原因：adj. + to do sth.

They were very sad to hear the news.

（5）作宾语补足语：

在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，补充说明作宾语的名词或代词的动作或状态，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite, expect, prefer, encourage等。例如：

Their parents prefer them to be home early. My parents don’t allow me to go out at night.

【易错点】注意：不定式省略to 的情况→在使役动词（make, let, have）或感官动词（see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch）后面的宾语补足语要省略to，例如：He had his son clean the car. / She noticed the man look at her a couple of times.但若这些动词用于被动语态或不定式用于完成式时，其后的不定式要带to，例如：I noticed her to have come early. / He was seen to enter the building.