省词译法

第三章 词法翻译 五、 省词译法 (Omission)

? 在翻译过程中，原文中有些词在译文中省去不译，因为译文中虽无其词但已有其意，

或者在译文中是不言而喻的。换言之，省词是在译文中删去一些可有可无，或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文语言习惯的词。

一、从语法角度省词

? 省代词 ? 省连词 ? 省冠词 ? 省介词

（一）省代词

I. 省略重复出现的做主语的人称代词

1. As he approached the village he met a number of people but none of whom he knew. 快到村子时碰到了很多人，但他一个都不认识。

2. But it’s the way I am, and tried as I have, I haven’t been able to change it. 但我就是这个样子。虽然也努力过，但还是改不过来。

II. 省略泛指的做主语的人称代词 1. We live and learn. 活到老，学到老。 2. You can never tell. 说不准。

3. Everywhere you can see flowers and colorful flags in the street.

街上到处可以看到鲜花和彩旗。

4. You can see the leaves falling from the trees when winter comes. 秋天来的时候就能看到叶子从树上掉下来。

III. 省略做宾语的人称代词

1. I sent you yesterday all the books you wanted. Have you received them? 昨天我把你要的书都寄给你了。收到了吗？ 2. After you read the story, retell it in your own words. 读完这个故事后用自己的话复述一遍。 3. The house is not big but I like it very much. 房子不大但我很喜欢。

IV. 省略物主代词

1. He put his hands into his pockets and shrugged his shoulders. 他把手放进口袋，耸了耸肩膀。 2. They came in their thousands. 他们成千上万地赶来了。

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V. 省略非人称的 “it”或强调句中的 “it”

1. Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。 2. It was yesterday that he went abroad. 他是昨天出国的。

（二）省连词 I. 省略并列连词

1. He suddenly stood up and walked out quickly. 他突然站起来迅速走了出去。

2. The doors opened and the audience crowded in. 门开了，观众蜂拥而入。 3. He looked quite gloomy and restless. 他看上去有些忧愁不安。

4. She is just the person, so bright and considerate. 她是最理想的人选，聪明伶俐，善解人意。

II. 省略从属连词 1. I will go if you go. 你去我也去。

2. Tom rose unhappily when the train stopped. 火车停了，汤姆闷闷不乐地站了起来。 3. One more step, and you are a dead man. 再走一步，你就没命。

4. We knew spring was coming as we saw a robin. 我们看见了一只知更鸟，知道春天快要到了。

（三）省冠词

1. The horse is a useful animal.

2. The girl standing at the window is his sister. 3. Often we would go to the country for a weekend. 4. He would not fall into sleep in a strange bed. 5. The red sun sank below the horizon. 6. Milk is sold by the pound.

（四）省介词

1. The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 2. He left for Japan on May 6.

3. Smoking is prohibited in public places. 4. I am warning you for the last time.

5. This product is good in quality and low in price. 6. Trees are planted on both banks of the river.

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二、从修辞角度省词

1. He used poetry as a medium for writing in prose. 原译：他以诗歌作为写散文的媒介。 省译：他用诗歌来写散文。

2. Eczema may be found in all age groups and in both sex. 原译：所有年龄组和两种性别都可患湿疹。 省译：男女老少都可患湿疹。

3. I drank some ice tea, but it made me more thirsty. 原译：我喝了些冰茶，但它使我更渴了。 省译：我喝了些冰茶，却更渴了。

4. If you take this medicine, your illness will surely be cured. 原译：如果你吃了这个药，你的病肯定能治好。 省译：这药吃了你的病准好。

5. This job applicants who have working experience would receive preference over those who

have not.

原译：应聘这份工作的人，有工作经验的比没有工作经验的优先录取。 省译：应聘这份工作的人，有工作经验的优先录取。

6. There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees and the grass was dead. 原译：天没有下雪，树叶从树上落下来，草也枯死了。 省译：天未下雪，但叶落草枯。

7. A doctor’s duty is to make every effort to save the dying and help the wounded. 原译：医生的职责是尽最大努力挽救垂死的人和帮助受伤的人。 省译：医生的职责是尽心尽力救死扶伤。

8. The western political system is characterized by the existence of competitive elections. 原译：西方政治制度是以竞选的存在为其特点的。 省译：西方政治制度的特点是竞选。

9. It was one of the few gestures of sentiment he was ever to make. 原译：那是他在感情方面所做出的很少的几次表示中的一次。 省译：他很少表露感情，这是难得的一次。

10. Scientific exploration has given man the ability to shield himself the calamity of nature and the

calamity imposed by other man.

原译：科学的探索使人类具备了避免自然的灾害和他人所造成的灾祸的能力。 省译：科学的探索使人类具备了避免天灾人祸的能力。

11. All evils are to be considered with the good that is in them and with the worse attending them. 原译：考虑所有坏事的时候，应当考虑到坏事中所包含的好事，也应当考虑到坏事中还

可能有更坏的情况。

省译：考虑坏事的时候，应当想想祸福相倚和祸不单行的道理。

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