岩土工程专业外语词汇大全

岩土工程专业外语词汇大全（一） 一. 综合类

1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程 2.foundation engineering基础工程 3.soil, earth土

4.soil mechanics土力学 cyclic loading周期荷载 unloading卸载 reloading再加载

viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基 viscous damping粘滞阻尼 shear modulus剪切模量 5.soil dynamics土动力学 6.stress path应力路径

7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学 二. 土的分类

1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土矿物

4.secondary minerals次生矿物 5.landslides滑坡

6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图

7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察 8.boulder漂石 9.cobble卵石 10.gravel砂石

11.gravelly sand砾砂 12.coarse sand粗砂 13.medium sand中砂 14.fine sand细砂 15.silty sand粉土 16.clayey soil粘性土 17.clay粘土

18.silty clay粉质粘土 19.silt粉土

20.sandy silt砂质粉土 21.clayey silt粘质粉土 22.saturated soil饱和土 23.unsaturated soil非饱和土 24.fill (soil)填土

25.overconsolidated soil超固结土

26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土 27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土 28.zonal soil区域性土 29.soft clay软粘土

30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土 31.peat泥炭 32.loess黄土

33.frozen soil冻土

三. 土的基本物理力学性质

1.cc compression index

2.cu undrained shear strength

3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0

(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively

4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test 5.e0 natural void ratio 6.Ip plasticity index

7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ2 8.K0’ domain for effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’ 9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state

10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition

11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient

12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively 13.N blow count, standard penetration test 14.OCR over-consolidation ratio

15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test 16.p0 effective overburden pressure

17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test 18.qu unconfined compressive strength

19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen

20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively

21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively

22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses 23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限 24.degree of saturation饱和度 25.dry unit weight干重度 26.moist unit weight湿重度

27.saturated unit weight饱和重度 28.effective unit weight有效重度 29.density密度

30.compactness密实度

31.maximum dry density最大干密度 32.optimum water content最优含水量 33.three phase diagram三相图 34.tri-phase soil三相土 35.soil fraction粒组 36.sieve analysis筛分

37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析 38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数 39.coefficient of gradation级配系数

40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土

41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土

42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统

43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会

44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会 45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会 四. 渗透性和渗流

1.Darcy’s law 达西定律 2.piping管涌

3.flowing soil流土 4.sand boiling砂沸 5.flow net流网

6.seepage渗透（流） 7.leakage渗流

8.seepage pressure渗透压力 9.permeability渗透性 10.seepage force渗透力

11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度

12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数

五. 地基应力和变形 1.soft soil软土

2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力 3.effective stress有效应力 4.total stress总应力

5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度 6.low activity低活性 7.sensitivity灵敏度 8.triaxial test三轴试验

9.foundation design基础设计 10.recompaction再压缩 11.bearing capacity承载力 12.soil mass土体

13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力） 14.concentrated load集中荷载

15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体 16.homogeneous均质 17.isotropic各向同性 18.strip footing条基

19.square spread footing方形独立基础

20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土） 21.dead load =sustained load恒载 持续荷载 22.live load活载

23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载 24.long-term transient load长期荷载 25.reduced load折算荷载 26.settlement沉降 27.deformation变形 28.casing套管

29.dike=dyke堤（防） 30.clay fraction粘粒粒组

31.physical properties物理性质 32.subgrade路基

33.well-graded soil级配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土 35.normal stresses正应力 36.shear stresses剪应力 37.principal plane主平面

38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力 39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件

40.FEM=finite element method有限元法 41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法 42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力

43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力 44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量 45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数 46.compression index压缩指数 47.swelling index回弹指数 48.geostatic stress自重应力 49.additional stress附加应力 50.total stress总应力

51.final settlement最终沉降 52.slip line滑动线

六. 基坑开挖与降水

1 excavation开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering（基坑）降水

3 failure of foundation基坑失稳 4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护

5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起 6 retaining wall挡土墙

7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布 8 dewatering method降低地下水位法 9 well point system井点系统（轻型） 10 deep well point深井点

11 vacuum well point真空井点 12 braced cuts支撑围护

13 braced excavation支撑开挖 14 braced sheeting支撑挡板

十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基础

2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础 3.strip foundation条形基础 4.spread footing扩展基础

5.compensated foundation补偿性基础 6.bearing stratum持力层 7.rigid foundation刚性基础 8.flexible foundation柔性基础

9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 10.net foundation pressure基底附加应力

11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析

十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils 1.dynamic strength of soils动强度 2.wave velocity method波速法 3.material damping材料阻尼 4.geometric damping几何阻尼 5.damping ratio阻尼比

6.initial liquefaction初始液化

7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期 8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量