外文翻译机械手

缩﹑旋转和昇降等运动，一般有2～3个自由度。机械手广泛用于机械製造﹑冶金﹑轻工和原子能等部门。

能模仿人手和臂的某些动作功能，用以按固定程序抓取、搬运物件或操作工具的自动操作装置。它可代替人的繁重劳动以实现生产的机械化和自动化，能在有害环境下操作以保护人身安全，因而广泛应用于机械制造、冶金、电子、轻工和原子能等部门。 机械手通常用作机床或其他机器的附加装置，如在自动机床或自动生产线上装卸和传递工件，在加工中心中更换刀具等，一般没有独立的控制装置。有些操作装置需要由人直接操纵，如用于原子能部门操持危险物品的主从式操作手也常称为机械手。

机械手主要由手部和运动机构组成。手部是用来抓持工件（或工具）的部件，根据被抓持物件的形状、尺寸、重量、材料和作业要求而有多种结构形式，如夹持型、托持型和吸附型等。运动机构，使手部完成各种转动（摆动）、移动或复合运动来实现规定的动作，改变被抓持物件的位置和姿势......

机械手是在自动化生产过程中使用的一种具有抓取和移动工件功能的自动化装置，它是在机械化、自动化生产过程中发展起来的一种新型装置。近年来，随着电子技术特别是电子计算机的广泛应用，机器人的研制和生产已成为高技术领域内迅速发展起来的一门新兴技术，它更加促进了机械手的发展，使得机械手能更好地实现与机械化和自动化的有机结合。机械手能代替人类完成危险、重复枯燥的工作，减轻人类劳动强度，提高劳动生产力。机械手越来越广泛的得到了应用，在机械行业中它可用于零部件组装 ，加工工件的搬运、装卸，特别是在自动化数控机床、组合机床上使用更普遍。目前，机械手已发展成为柔性制造系统FMS和柔性制造单元FMC中一个重要组成部分。把机床设备和机械手共同构成一个柔性加工系统或柔性制造单元，它适应于中、小批量生产，可以节省庞大的工件输送装置，结构紧凑，而且适应性很强。当工件变更时，柔性生产系统很容易改变，有利于企业不断更新适销对路的品种，提高产品质量，更好地适应市场竞争的需要。而目前我国的工业机器人技术及其工程应用的水平和国外比还有一定的距离，应用规模和产业化水平低，机械手的研究和开发直接影响到我国自动化生产水平的提高，从经济上、技术上考虑都是十分必要的。因此，进行机械手的研究设计是非常有意义的。

外文原文

Manipulator

Robot developed in recent decades as

high-tech automated production equipment. Industrial robot is an important branch of industrial robots. It features can be programmed to perform tasks in a variety of expectations, in both structure and performance advantages of their own people and machines, in particular, reflects the people's intelligence and adaptability. The accuracy of robot operations and a variety of environments the ability to complete the work in the field of national economy and there are broad prospects for development. With the development of industrial automation, there has been CNC machining center, it is in reducing labor intensity, while greatly improved labor productivity. However, the upper and lower common in CNC machining processes material, usually still use manual or traditional relay-controlled semi-automatic device. The former time-consuming and labor intensive, inefficient; the latter due to design complexity, require more relays, wiring complexity, vulnerability to body vibration interference, while the existence of poor reliability, fault more maintenance problems and other issues. Programmable Logic Controller PLC-controlled robot control system for materials up and down movement is simple, circuit design is reasonable, with a strong anti-jamming capability, ensuring the system's reliability, reduced maintenance rate, and improve work efficiency. Robot technology related to mechanics, mechanics, electrical hydraulic technology, automatic control technology, sensor technology and computer technology and other fields of science, is a cross-disciplinary integrated technology. First, an overview of industrial manipulator

Robot is a kind of positioning control can be automated and can be re-programmed to change in multi-functional machine, which has multiple

degrees of freedom can be used to carry an object in order to complete the work in different environments. Low wages in China, plastic products industry, although still a labor-intensive, mechanical hand use has become increasingly popular. Electronics and automotive industries that Europe and the United States multinational companies very early in their factories in China, the introduction of automated production. But now the changes are those found in industrial-intensive South China, East China's coastal areas, local plastic processing plants have also emerged in mechanical watches began to become increasingly interested in, because they have to face a high turnover rate of workers, as well as for the workers to pay work-related injuries fee challenges.

With the rapid development of China's industrial production, especially the reform and opening up after the rapid increase in the degree of automation to achieve the workpiece handling, steering, transmission or operation of brazing, spray gun, wrenches and other tools for processing and assembly operations since, which has more and more attracted our attention.

Robot is to imitate the manual part of the action, according to a given program, track and requirements for automatic capture, handling or operation of the automatic mechanical devices.

In real life, you will find this a problem. In the machine shop, the processing of parts loading time is not annoying, and labor productivity is not high, the cost of production major, and sometimes man-made incidents will occur, resulting in processing were injured. Think about what could replace it with the processing time of a tour as long as there are a few people, and can operate 24 hours saturated human right? The answer is yes, but the robot can come to replace it. Production of mechanical hand can increase the automation level of production and labor productivity; can reduce labor intensity, ensuring