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(完整版)2019-2020年高考英语语法专题复习分类汇编-情态动词与虚拟语气

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天晚上的那部电影。(从句与现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反。)

2)if he had followed the doctor\\s advice,he would recover already.如果他遵照医生的劝告,现在病就好了。(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)

2、在if虚拟条件句中,有时可把连词省去,采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did,had,should移到句首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型,其意思不变。例如:

1)had we time to spare,we would be glad to go to the park.如果能抽出时间,我们很乐意逛

2)were it not for the discovery of electricity,the modern world would experience great inconvenience.假如没有发现电,现代世界将很不方便。

3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述,而用介词(如without, but for等)引出的短语、分词(如supposing等)引出的短语、并列连词(如or,otherwise,but,though等)、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。例如:

1)but for your advice,I would not be able to do this work.要不是你的劝告,我是不会做这份工作的。 2)victor obviously doesn’t know what\\s happened,otherwise he wouldn’t have made such a stupid remark.显然维克多不知道发生了什么事情。不然的话,他就不会说这样愚蠢的话了。

4、在一些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的动词后面的宾语从句中,谓语动词用动词原形或\\\+动词原形\\\表示虚拟语气。这类动词有ask,demand, insist,order,propose,move,desire,require等。例如:

1)they demanded that the aggressor troops(should)be withdrawn immediately.他们要求立即撤出侵略军。

2)i moved that he(should)be discharged for his serious mistake.我建议,由于他犯有严重错误,应解除他的职务。

5、在\\\(had)rather(would sooner,would as soon)+宾语从句\\\句型中,要求后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气。但这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设,而是一种尚未实现的愿望,其从句谓语动词用一般过去时。例如:

1)i would rather you came next Friday.我希望你下周五来。

2)i\\d just as soon you didn’t speak rudely to her.我真希望你别对她那么粗鲁地讲话。

6、在和idea,necessity,plan, motion,order,proposal,remendation,suggestion,under- standing等词有关的同位语或表语从句中,谓语动词用动词原形或\\\+动词原形\\\表示虚拟语气。例如:

1)m y idea is that the group(should)hold another session to discuss the problem.我的意见是小组召开另一次会议来讨论这个问题。

2)emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained be taken into account before starting a new project.我们强调在开始制定一个新的计划之前,必须把要达到的所有目标都考虑进去。

7、在某些\\\+形容词+that...\\\句型中,如\\\(necessary,essential, natural,desirable,unusual,pity,strange)that...\\\,that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词均用动词原形或\\\+动词原形\\\来表示虚拟语气。例如:

1)it is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college.人们迫切地希望能给这个学院派一个新院长。

2)it is strange that the girl(should)be so arrogant.真奇怪,这个女孩竟会如此傲慢。

8、在\\\(suggested,demanded,moved,planned等)+that...\\\这个句型中,that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气形式,谓语动词用动词原形或\\\+动词原形\\\。 1)it is moved that Lucy give a performance at the party.有人提议露茜在晚会上表演一个节目。

2)it was suggested that more teachers (should)be sent there to help them.有人建议派更多的老师去那儿帮助他们。

9、as if /though可以引出一个状语从句也可以引出一个表语从句。当as if /though跟在be,feel,look,seem ,sound等系动词之后时,引导的是表语从句;如果主句的谓语动词不是联系动词be等,as if /though引导的则是方式状语从句。无论是哪种类型的从句,只要从句的内容是不真实的,都必须用虚拟语气。当从句表示与现在的事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反要用\\\+过去分词\\\;表示与将来可能相反的则用\\\(could,might)+动词原形\\\。例如:

1)i feel as if i were going to faint.我感到我像要昏过去似的。(与现在事实相反的表语从句)

2)she cried as if her heart could be broken.她哭的好像心都要碎了。(与将来可能相反的主语从句)

10、在it is(about /high)time引导的定语从句中,也可以根据需要使用虚拟语气,用以表示\\\(此刻)该做......而没有做\\\的意思,其谓语动词用过去时或\\\+动词原形(用should时,不能将其省略)\\\。例如: 1)it is time i should leave.我该走了。

2)it is about time that you got(should get) dressed.你该穿衣服了。

11、if only引导的是省略了表示结果的主句的虚拟结构,现在已成为惯用法,表达愿望。从句用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望;对过去没有实现或不能实现的愿望,从句就用过去完成时。这类句型表示一种不真实的条件,常译成\\\要是......就好了!\\\例如: 1)if only i had taken mother\\s advice.我要是听取妈妈的建议就好了。

2)if only i could speak several foreign languages.我要是能讲几种外语就好了。

12、在以in order that,so that,lest引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词一般用虚拟语气。从句中的谓语动词用\\\(might)+动词原形\\\或\\\+动词原形\\\。在以lest引导的从句中,谓语动词用\\\+动词原形\\\。例如:

1)she stayed at home for a few days so that she might take care of her sick mother.她在家里呆了好几天,以便能照顾生病的母亲。

2)the teacher explained the sentences again and again in order that the students could understand them clearly.老师一再解释这些句子以便学生能够清楚地理解。

2019-2020年高考英语语法专题复习分类汇编-特殊句型及交际英语

Was it on a lonely island ______ he was saved one month after the boat went down?(xx·四川卷15)

A. where B. that C. which D. what

【解析】选B。该句为含强调句型的一般问句。强调了地点状语on a lonely island,不能选where。它不是定语从句。该句可以还原为一个陈述句:He was saved one month after the boat went down on a lonely island. 考点1.强调句型的基本结构

Is ______ three hours ______ the boy ______ family is poor to e to school on foot? A. it; that; whose B. it; that it takes; whose C. it for; that it takes; whose D. it; when; that 强调句型

特殊句型主要涉及强调句型、倒装句及省略句。

【解析】选B。这是一个强调句,强调作宾语的时间名词three hours, the boy后接一个定语从句, whose作定语修饰family。句意:那位家境贫寒的男孩花了三个小时徒步来到学校吗?

强调句型的基本结构是: It + be +被强调部分+ that(who)…。

强调句的一般疑问句形式为: Is(Was)+被强调部分+that/who…?

强调句的特殊疑问句形式为: Who/When/Where/Why + is (was) it that…? 强调句若以特殊疑问句形式出现,很容易误解。比较: Why is it that he can't e? 他为什么不能来?

What is it that he wants to buy? 他想要买什么? 以上两句可视为由以下陈述句转换而来: It is because he is ill that he can't e. It is a puter that he wants to buy.

温馨提示:当强调人时,可用who代替其中的that, 当强调时间和地点时,不能用when和where代替that。

考点2. not… until用于强调句

It was not until ______ that I knew the truth. (xx·四川成都外国语学校高三第三次月考卷) A. you told me B. did you tell me C. had you told me D. you have told me

【解析】选A。该句强调了not until you told me。在强调not until句型时要将not 与until放在一起,并且语序不变。

其基本形式为It is (was) not until … that …。

It was not until yesterday that we knew about it. 直到昨天我们才知道这件事。 考点1.部分倒装

My father and my mother have been married for 30 years, and never once ______ with each other.(福建省三明二中xx高三二模卷)

A. have they quarreled B. they have quarreled C. did they quarrel D. had they quarreled

【解析】选A。表否定意义的副词放于句首时后引起部分倒装。即:否定意义副词+助动词+主语+动词。 倒装句

部分否定即将主语与助动词倒置,其结构与疑问句大致相同。构成部分倒装的主要情形有: 1. 含否定意义的词(如: never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, not a single …, no longer, nowhere, by no means, at no time, neither, nor等)置于句首时,其后用部分倒装。

2. so表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或物时,意为“……也一样”, 用“so+助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。若讲述的情况属于同一个人或物时,意为“……的确如此”, 主谓不倒装。要注意如果一个并列句中含有两个性质不同的谓语,另一个省略的倒装结构要用“So it is/was with sb./sth.”或 “It is/was the same with sb./sth.”来表示。

3. only加状语(即: only+副词/介词短语/状语从句等)放在句首时,其后用部分倒装。 4. 当虚拟条件句含有were, should, had时,可省略if, 将were, should, had置句首。 5. so / such … that结构中,将so / such … 置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。 考点2.完全倒装

Out ______, still discussing the fashion show with great interest. (江苏南京金陵中学高三第4次模拟卷)

A. walked a crowd of young girls B. did a crowd of young girls walk

C. were walking a crowd of young girls D. a crowd of young girls were walking

【解析】选A。方位副词out 放于句首,后用全部倒装。即谓语动词全部在主语之前。 完全倒装即将谓语移到主语前。构成完全倒装的情形主要有:

1. 以now, then, here, there, out, in, up, down, off, away等副词开头的句子,且句子主语是名词时,句子常用完全倒装。若主语为代词,则不用倒装。

2. 将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首加以强调时,其后通常用倒装语序。 考点3.另类倒装

— That boy enjoys drawing very much. — ______, I have never seen anyone else who is as enthusiastic about drawing as he is. A. As long as I have traveled B. Traveled so much as I have C. As I have traveled so much D. Much as I have traveled 【解析】选D。as引导的让步状语从句中,可将副词提前至句首。

1. as引导的让步状语从句中,必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。若提前的表语是名词,一般不用冠词。

2. 当such用作表语时,通常采用倒装语序。

3. 有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的分词或不定式置于句首,从而构成倒装。 省略句

例1:It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. ______, we'd better take it to the garage immediately. (xx·江苏卷33)

A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so

【解析】选D。if so =if it is so。it代指It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. 这件事。

例2:— Will he fail in the exam? — ______.

A. Don't hope to B. Let's hope not C. Not hope so D. Let's hope not to

【解析】选B。考查用so, not省略前面提到的事,表肯定与否定。so可代替单词、词组、句子,作believe, do, expect, guess, hope, fear, imagine, suppose, think等词的宾语;not

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天晚上的那部电影。(从句与现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反。) 2)if he had followed the doctor\\s advice,he would recover already.如果他遵照医生的劝告,现在病就好了。(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。) 2、在if虚拟条件句中,有时可把连词省去,采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did,had,should移到句首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型,其意思不变。例如: 1)had we time to spare,we would be glad to go to the park.如果能抽出时间,我们很乐意逛 2)were it not for the discovery of electricity,the modern world woul

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