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a fourth.From 1811 until 1816, with the release of Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1815), Her works, though usually popular, were first published anonymously and brought and manufacturers, which through the professions to the lower ranks of the landed gentry.[ Cassandra was a member of the prominent Leigh family. Austen's immediate family was large: six brothers — James ,George , Edward , Henry Thomas , Francis William (Frank) , Charles John — and one sister, Cassandra Elizabeth , who, like Jane, died unmarried.

Early life and education

Austen was born on 16 December 1775 at Steventon rectory and After a few months at with Elizabeth Littlewood, a woman living nearby, who nursed and raised Austen for a year or eighteen months In 1783, according to family tradition, Jane and Cassandra were sent to Oxford to be educated by Mrs. Ann Cawley and they moved with later in the year. Both girls caught typhus and Jane nearly died.Austen was subsequently educated at 1785. By December 1786, Jane and Cassandra acquired the remainder of by reading books, guided by . From when she was seven until she was thirteen. Juvenilia

Perhaps as early as 1787, Austen began to write poems, stories, and plays for and continued to work on these pieces as late as the period 1809–1811. Adulthood

As Austen grew into adulthood, she continued to live at of nieces Fanny Catherine and Jane Anna Elizabeth. Austen was particularly proud of meant dancing, Jane was fond of dancing, and excelled in it\1793 and 1795, Austen wrote Lady Susan, a short epistolary novel.

Early novels

Without surviving original manuscripts, there is no way to know the novel published in 1811 as Sense and Sensibility.Austen began work on a second novel, First Impressions, in 1796. She completed the initial draft in August 1797 when she was only 21 (it later became Pride and Prejudice); as with all of read the work aloud to it and it became an \favourite\this time, began writing a third novel with the working title Susan.Austen completed early 1803, Henry Austen offered Susan to Benjamin Crosby, a London publisher, who paid ￡10 for the copyright. Royal Crescent in Bath

In December 1800, Mr Austen unexpectedly announced to retire from the ministry, leave Steventon, and move the family to Bath. An indication of Austen's state of mind is December 1802, Austen received proposal of marriage. Bigg-Wither proposed and Austen accepted. By the next morning, Austen realised she a precarious financial situation. Chawton

The cottage in Chawton where Jane Austen lived during the last eight years of mid-1815, Austen moved to John Murray, a better known London publisher,[G] who published Emma in December 1815 and a second edition of Mansfield Park in February 1816. Emma sold well but the new edition of Mansfield Park did not, and this failure offset most of the profits Austen earned on Emma. These were the last of Austen's novels to be published during is buried in Winchester Cathedral.Jane Austen's memorial gravestone in the nave of Winchester Cathedral.Early in 1816, Jane Austen began to feel unwell. She ignored the usual round of family activities. By the middle of that year, and to began a long, slow, and irregular deterioration culminating in died in Winchester on 18 July

1817, at the age of 41.

2.Sources of pride and prejudice from the perspective of external factors in pride and prejudice

2.1 The Historical Background

It was between eighteenth century and nineteenth century that the society where Jane Austen lived changed dramatically . At the end of eighteenth century , The French bourgeois revolution shocked the whole European continent .In 1805 ,The British navy defeated the French and Spanish fleets . Since then , Capitalists expanded colonies wantonly . Since 1930s , British industrial capitalism replaced thoroughly domination of the landed nobilities , which became to control the country's economical and political main power .In 1832 , Parliamentary reform marks the British Industrial victory of bourgeois .The works of Jane Austen reflect the three factors in the change of times : The fall of the patriarchal society , The rise of the bourgeoisie , The modification of religious belief .

Jane Austen is called Century Stars at Dawn ,at that time ,she wrote balls , conversations and marriage or love instead of social new important things ,which brought much criticism from critics.Because of this reason , Pride and Prejudice come into being .From the novel ,we can find that Jane Austen prefer the life of the landed nobilities .All of these paved the way for Jane Austen’s and Darcy’s

pride and prejudice .

From the perspective of the fall of the patriarchal society as a part of find Elizabeth Bennet’s all daughters were workless and they were always at inherited all , women inherited nothing . As a result of the two factors , women attached completely

themselves to men . Mrs. Bennett ever said that The rich bachelors whoever could do was to try , certain economic basis . Jane Austen who was influenced and restricted by

experiences was fond of rural life and old social structure . The landlord and country gentleman appeared in the novel as a ower who maintained old feudal pastoral system . Darcy was a typical representative . No matter where at people as a representative of a landlord and a country gentleman.

From the perspective of The modification of religious belief ,between sixteenth century and eighteenth century ,British religious faith changed a lot .As a result of that ,The British aristocracy claim kinship with British aristocracy . Darcy was a aristocrat . However , Elizabeth was a rural girl .There was no possibility for them to get married . So ,when they met each other ,they must be pride , prejudice with each other .Both of them wanted to self-esteem . By analysing this , we find it is

easy to understand all of these pride and prejudice .

2.2 Morality

At the time when Jane Austen lived and wrote , manners played a very important

role in family and social life .Manners depended on its own property , which drove

Morality or promoted Morality or destroyed Morality . Jane Austen presented

the social custom picture of The nobility and the country gentleman’s manners through the novel in order to present their social core value and the moral code of conduct . In the world of Pride and Prejudice ,The Bennett family is a notable family .The vulgar of Mrs. Bennett and speech and deportment , Especially in the Netherfield ball ,draw on Darcy’s despising . Darcy looked down upon The middle class for their arrogant manners , especially the arrogance to Elizabeth , which violated gentlemanliness that a person should respect others . The Rude and the unreasonable from Elizabeth violated conduct standard of a Lady . Morality

is a stimulus which drove people to do what they should do according to moral standard in spite of their real feelings ,for example , Darcy loved Elizabeth . But moral standard .this restricted their feels . As a result , Darcy was pride to Elizabeth . Elizabeth was prejudice to Darcy.

2.3 Wealth

Darcy was a rich and powerful man , who thousand pounds

per year . Darcy , what was

the most important thing was in a not rich family , which brought Darcy’s despising .

It was just about Wealth that brought about that Darcy was pride to Elizabeth and

Elizabeth was prejudice to Darcy . Darcy also thought that ,even personality . So , each time we saw Darcy , we found Darcy was pride to Elizabeth . All of these made sense to explain Darcy’s pride . Darcy thought Elizabeth would accept and lack of money .Besides , the one the other Darcy made a proposal to Elizabeth , we knew

Darcy loved Elizabeth ,but Elizabeth thought all of these were appearance . When

to in a ordinary middle class family where there were five daughters . It was too difficult for the parents to afford their daughters’dowry .At that time of British ,this made it to marry . In novel , Darcy appeared in the way of pride . He looked down upon Elizabeth’s family . Because Darcy was a nobleman . Elizabeth and Darcy belonged

to different classes . Elizabeth’prejudice and Darcy’pride made sense to understand .