译林牛津八年级下册 8B知识点梳理

[考点点拨] work closely with...和……紧密合作。如： We work closely with the career advisors in schools. 我们与学校的就业顾问密切合作。

4.I chat with them, help them practise and make sure they're safe. 我和他们聊天、帮助他们训练并且确保他们的安全。

[考点点拨] make sure设法确保，务必；弄清楚。后面通常跟从句，而不能跟动词不定式或“宾语十不定式”结构。如：

Make sure that you will come here on time tomorrow. 明天你务必按时来这儿。

误：Make sure you to come here on time tomorrow. make sure of…把……弄明白／清楚。如： You'd better make sure of the time before you leave. 你最好在出发之前查明时间。 三、重点语法

1．It is+形容词+动词不定式

我们常用“It is+形容词+动词不定式”结构来表达对某事物的看法。在该句型结构中，it为形式主语，真正的主语为其后的动词不定式。如： It is necessary to learn English well.学好英语是必要的。 注意：该结构也适用于动词take的句型。如： It took about ten minutes to walk to the railway station 步行去火车站大约要花10分钟。

动词不定式结构也可以直接置于句首充当句子的主语，但在现代英语中，多用it作形式主语替代。如：

To clean the parks before National Day is important. 在国庆节前清洁公园是很重要的。 It's wise to take a map and a mobile phone. 带上地图和手机是明智的。

2．It is+形容词+for+人或物+动词不定式

我们可以用“It is+形容词+for+人或物+动词不定式”结构来表达对某人来说做某事的一个客观态度。在该句型结构中，动词不定式结构的逻辑主语就是for后面的人或物。for sb. to do sth通常被称作动词不定式复合结 构。如：

It is impossible for us to finish the work in an hour. 对我们而言，在一小时内完成这项工作是不可能的。 It is meaningful for us to join Oxfam Trailwalker. 对我们来说，加入“乐施毅行者”是有意义的。 3．It is+形容词+of+人或物+动词不定式

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我们可以用“It is+形容词+of+人或物+动词不定式” 结构来表达对某人的行为的看法。如： It's nice of you to bring me the newspaper. 你把报纸带给我真是太好了。

It's silly of you not to forgive others for their mistakes. 你因为别人的错误而不原谅他们真是太傻了。

“It is+形容词+for+人或物十动词不定式”和“It is+形容词+of+人或物+动词不定式”结构的区别：

(1)“for sb.”的句型一般用表示客观情况的形容词。如：

hard, difficult, easy, important, interesting, necessary，impossible等。“of sb.”的句型一般用表示人物品格、特征等的形容词。如：brave，good，kind，nice, clever, careful, careless, rude, wise, foolish, selfish, silly, honest, generous等。如： It is quite difficult for me to play football well. 对我来说把足球踢好是相当难的。 It was wise of you to refuse his offer. 你拒绝他的建议是明智的。

(2)“of sb.”的句型一般可以转换成一个带不定式作状语的句子，而“for sb.”的句型则不可以这样转换。如：

It was careless of you to mistake me for your uncle. - You were careless to mistake me for your uncle. 你把我误认成你的叔叔真是太粗心了。 【考点精练】 一、单项选择

( )1．(2014．怀化) _______ is very important to learn English well. A It

B This

C That

( )2．（2014.安顺）It's kind _______ you_______ help me with my English.

A．of; to B for; to C．of; for D．to; to

( )3. (2014．镇江)She always wants to do the job which she has been trained _______． A for

B．by

C on C to B give it up D．look it up

D．of

D．at

( )4. On my visit to Australia, I felt Australians are similar _______ us in many ways. A．with B．in A set it up

( )5. (2014．滨州)Smoking is bad for your health. You'd better_______ ． C pick it up

二、根据句意及中文提示完成单词

1．My father is getting_______（年纪大的）now and he

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can't walk very fast.

2．(2014．泰安)The farm_______（提供）the school with fresh vegetables.

3. No one can_______（实现）anything without any effort. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子

1．选择公共交通来改变交通堵塞的状况对我们来说是有帮助的。 It _____________________ to choose public transport to change traffic jams. 2．我们希望你能和我们密切合作。 We hope that you can______________.

3．米莉的妈妈悄悄走进房间，看看米莉是否睡着了。

Millie's mother slipped into the room to______________ whether she was asleep.

参考答案

一、1—5 AAACB

二. 1. elderly 2. provides/provided 3. achieve

三. 1. is helpful for us 2. work closely with us 3. make sure

8B Unit7

【考点精讲】 一、核心词汇 1．especially adv.

[考点点拨]especially意为“特别，尤其”，较多地用于正式文体，指某事物超乎一般的重要、不寻常。如：

Their main exports are textiles, especially silk and cotton. 他们的主要出口货物是纺织品，特别是丝绸和棉布。 I like maple trees, especially in autumn 我喜欢枫树，尤其是秋天的枫树。

specially表示为了某一特定目的而“特意、专门”采用某一方式做某事。如： The meeting is specially arranged for you. 这次会见是特意为你安排的。 2．spread扩散．

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[考点点拨]spread作名词，意为“扩散；分布；展开”；spread还可作动词，意为“展开，摊开，使扩散”，过去式和过去分词都不变化。 Sue spreads the map out on the floor. 苏在地板上摊开地图。

The disease has spread across the whole world. 这种疾病已经在全世界扩散开来。 3．hold vt．

[考点点拨]意为“举行”。与hold有关的短语： hold on等着；挺住；（电话用语）别挂断，等一下 hold off不开始，延迟，推迟 hold out维持，抵抗，使有可能 hold up支撑得住，承受住 如：

Can you hold on? I'll see if he's there. 等一下行吗？我去看一看他在不在那里。 She is holding up well under the pressure. 她承受住了压力。

We could get a new computer now or hold off until prices are lower. 我们现在就可以买新电脑，不然就等到降价再说。 二、核心句型

1. Many of our patients can't afford to go to hospital, so we have to go to them我们的许多病人付不起钱去医院看病，所以我们得到他们身边去。

[考点点拨] afford to do sth付得起钱做某事，负担得起做某事。常与can，could，be able to连用，多用于否定句或疑问句。can't/couldn't afford to do sth付不起钱做某事，负担不起做某事。如：

I cannot afford to go because I don't have a bean. 我没法去，因为我身无分文。

We can't afford to pay such a price.我们付不起这个价钱。 2. I'm proud to help people see again and improve their lives. 帮助人们重见光明，改善他们的生活使我感到自豪。

[考点点拨] be proud of sth./doing sth.＝be proud to do sth.＝be proud+that从句，意为“对（做）某事感到自豪”。如： I'm proud that I'm a Chinese. ＝I'm proud of being a Chinese. ＝I'm proud to be a Chinese. 我为自己是中国人而骄傲。

pride作名词，意为“骄傲”。take pride in为……而自豪。如：

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