高中英语 Unit1Livingwell全单元教案 新人教版选修7（高二） - 图文

形式主语：不定式、动名词以及主语从句作主语时，为避免“头重脚轻”，要将真正的主语后置。 It seemed impossible (for him) to get back home.（不定式作主语） It was worthwhile searching for his \（动名词作主语） It was obvious that his ancestor taught his younger generation little of his own language. （主语从句作主语） 常见形式主语it引导的句型 1) It is / was difficult (easy, hard, important, necessary, useful, fit, possible, a pity, a pleasure…) (for sb.) to do sth. 2) It is / was kind (nice, wise, clever…) (of sb.) to do sth.;=Sb. is / was kind ( nice ,wise, clever, angry, ashamed, delighted, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, thankful…) to do sth. ; 3) It is no good / no use / interesting, tiring, a waste of time… doing sth.; 4) It is clear (plain, true, certain, sure, obvious…) + that clause + 陈述语气; 5) It is important ( necessary, strange, a pity…) + that clause + (should ) do; 6) It is a suggestion (an order, 及与虚拟动词有关的名词) + that clause +(should) do; 7) It is ordered (及与虚拟动词有关的动词的被动语态) + that clause +(should) do; 8) It is high / very time that we should have lunch / had lunch here. 9) It is the first / last time that we have had lunch here (just). 10) It is the third time that we shall have lunch here (in a moment). 5. 用作形式宾语。 形式宾语：当不定式、动名词、that 从句作宾语，又有自己的宾语补语时，要用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语后置。如： Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. The fisherman made it a rule that he never cast his net more than four times a day. The ancient people took it for granted that the earth was flat. We think it necessary reading aloud every morning to improve our English. 能够用于形式宾语句型的动词有think, make, find, consider, feel, take等。 6. 用于强调句型。 为了强调句子中的某一成分，可以用“It is/ was＋ 被强调部分＋ that＋其它部分”的句型。如果被强调的是人，可以用that/who/whom。如果被强调的是其它成分，则只用that。这种句式的特点是，去掉It +be…that框架后，句子仍然成立。 It was because he liked music that he went to the college to learn playing the piano. I met an old friend in the street last week. It was I who met an old friend in the street last week. (强调主语) It was an old friend that I met in the street last week. (强调宾语) It was in the street that I met an old friend last week. (强调地点状语不用where) It was last week that I met an old friend in the street. (强调时间状语不能用when) 强调句的一般疑问句型：Is / Was +it+所强调的成分+that/who/whom+其它部分。 Was it you that met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday？ 强调句的特殊疑问句型：疑问词+is / was +it+ that/who/whom..+ 其它部分? 如: Who was it that met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday？ 强调句的特殊疑问句用于宾语从句：主句+疑问词+it +is / was+ +that/who/whom+其它部分 I want to know who it was that met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday？ “not… until” 用于强调句中 原句：He didn’t go to bed until his father came back. 强调句：It was not until his father came back that he went to bed. 在口语中，that有时省略。 Was it in the early 1990s this happened? 对比与it有关的相似句型： It is clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (形式主语) It is the elephant that is round and tall like a tree. （强调句型） It is ten years since he returned to his hometown.（时间状语从句） It was ten years ago that he returned to his hometown. （强调句型） It was 1990 when he returned to his hometown. （时间状语从句） He went abroad in 1980. It was ten years before he returned to his hometown. （时间状语从句） 【高考链接】 1._____ this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. (2006广东) A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making 2. ___ the employees' working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break. （2006上海春） A. Improving B. To improve C. Having improved D. Improved 3．It was after he got what he had desired _____ he realized it was not so important.（2006 辽宁） A. that B. when C. since D. as 4. This company was the first _____ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world. （2005上海春） A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced 5. It is generally believed that teaching is _____ it is a science．(NMET2001) A．an art much as B．much an art as C．as an art much as D．as much an art as 6．I don’t know whether you happen _____ , but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September. （2004 辽宁） A．to be heard B．to be hearing C．to hear D．to have heard 7．An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_____ clear warnings before firing any shots. （2003上海） A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued 8．The flu is believed _____ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. （2004上海） A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. be have caused 9．Helen had to shout _____ above the sound of the music. （2004广西） A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard 10．You were silly not _____ your car. （2004湖南） A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 【巩固练习】 1. It was for this reason _____ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village．（上海2001春） A．which B．why C．that D．how 2. If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night. (2006全国1) A. so B. that C. it D. them 3．Does _____ matter if he can't finish the job on time？ A．this B．that C．he D．it 4． Was _____ that I saw last night at the concert？ A．it you B．not you C．you D．that yourself 5．It _____ ten years since the Whites______ in the village． A．was；had lived B．has been；have lived C．is；has lived D．will be；lived 6.____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language． A．There B．This C．That D．It 7. It won't be too long_____ she finds a suitable job． A．that B．since C．before D．for 8. It was five o'clock in the afternoon _____ they climbed up to the top of the mountain． A．since B．when C．that D．until 9. Who is it up _____ the first company_____ is run by the state？ A．to take charge of；which B．to take charge of；that C．for to take charge of；that D．to taking charge of；which 10．They are all classmates．_____ is no wonder _____ they should help each other with their studies． A．This；whether B．It；if C．That；that D．It；that 【汉译英】 1.你如果天黑后去那里，可能会遭到袭击或抢劫。 2.孩子们感到很难适应他们的新学校。 3.长时间误课之后，他会感到功课吃力。 4.想到我们浪费了这么多的时间我就很恼火。 5.你在考试中的表现没有达到规定的要求，换句话说， 你不及格。 【答案及解析】 【高考链接】 1．C 不定式做目的状语,表示做某事的目的。从“you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. ”可知是“为了做这个蛋糕”, 故选to make。 2. B 动词不定式做目的状语,表示will allow them to have a coffee break的目的。 3．It was after he got what he had desired _____ he realized it was not so important.（2006 辽宁） A. that B. when C. since D. as 3. A 本句强调时间状语after he got what he had desired, 用的是“It is / was ＋ 被强调部分 ＋ that＋其它部分”的句型,此处的不能用that 不能被when取代。 4. B 表示顺序的词,如first，last等后,常用不定式做定语。 5. D 有形容词修饰单数可数名词时，则用as＋形容词＋a／an＋名词＋as结构。 6．D “碰巧听说”的动作发生在过去，所以用不定式的完成式。 7．A order后接主语补足语时,要接带to 的动词不定式,构成be ordered to do. “军队发言人强调说，已经命令所有士兵在开火前发出明确警告.” 8．C 根据后面的by 可知应该用被动，且be believed to do为一固定用法。 9．D 不定式to make herself heard做目的状语,表示喊叫的目的是让别人听到。herself 与heard的关系为被动。 10．B “没有锁车”的动作发生在过去，所以用不定式的完成式。 【巩固练习】 1. C 这是“It is／was ＋强调部分＋that从句”结构的强调句。即使是强调原因状语也不能用why。 2. C if I can help it意思是“如果我有办法”。 3. D 属于It＋动词＋that／whether／what／who／when／where／why从句。 4. A 属于强调句的一般疑问句。 5. A It is（has been）＋一段时间＋since clause。句型中，若主句的be动词用了is或has been，since-clause的谓语动词要用一般过去时；若主句的be动词用了was，since-clause的谓语动词须用过去完成时。此外，若since-clause的谓语动词是非延续性动词，则表示从句中的动作延续多长时间了；since-clause的谓语动词是延续性动词或状态动词，则表示从句中的动作已结束多长时间了，译成汉语时要特别注意。 6. D It is／was＋形容词／名词＋that从句。其中，it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。 7. C It is／was／will be＋一段时间＋before从句。这一句型意为“还有多少时间就……”。 It is one year before he finishes middle school．他还有一年就中学毕业了。 8. B It is／was＋具体时间＋when-clause该句型意为“当某事发生时，时间是在……”。It was twelve o'clock sharp when he returned home last night．昨晚他回家时间是十二点整。 9. B It is up to sb．to do sth．该句型意为“该由某人负责干某事”。 It is up to you to look after the children．应该由你负责照看这些孩子。 10．D It is no wonder＋that-clause／No wonder ＋that-clause该句型意为“难怪某人……”。 【汉译英】 1. If you go there alone after dark you might get attacked and robbed. 2. The children are finding it difficult to adapt to their new school. 3. After so long an absence from school he will find the work difficult. 4. It annoyed me to think how much time we had wasted. 5. Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard; in other words, you failed.

Aims

To help students revise the Infinitive

To help students discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions To help students discover and learn to use some useful structures Procedures

I. Warming up by learning about the Infinitive Infinitive

An infinitive is the simple present form of a verb used as either a noun, adjective, or adverb. The verb of the infinitive is normally preceded by the word to. When the infinitive follows some verbs as the direct object, the “to” may be dropped.

An infinitive phrase is the infinitive plus any complements and any modifiers of the infinitive and complements.

As a Noun: He helped to write the program.

As an Adjective: Lydia was looking for a way to earn money. As an Adverb: He shouted to get our attention.

Period 2: A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language

(Revise the Infinitive)

To Dropped: He helped write the program.

In the above examples, the infinitive is italicized and the infinitive phrase is underlined. II. Listening, reading and completing

Now you are going to listen to a short paragraph about Zhang Haidi. The model status of Zhang Haidi (Shandong Province, 1955), widely publicized in print and in propaganda posters from 1983 on, is an interesting one. Zhang Haidi, also known as Ling Ling, became a paraplegic at the age of five following four operations for the removal of tumors in her spine. When she received news that her illness was incurable, she was reported to have attempted to commit suicide by taking sleeping pills, an action usually considered as a betrayal of the revolution and as evidence of discontent with socialism, and therefore as the act of a coward. She never went to school, but through diligent self-study, she learned to read books on politics, literature and medical science. She also learned foreign languages, including English, Japanese and German. She did not only function as a model because of her intellectual accomplishments or her devotion to serving others, but also because \communism. In Zhang Haidi, communism reaches for Chinese youths.\Now you are to complete the two paragraphs on page 4 choosing the right words from the list. III. Learning and finding What is an Infinitive?

The infinitive usually occurs with 'To' (for example To go, To come, To wear etc.), except after an auxiliary or modal verb.

It is a verb form that shows no person, tense or aspect. EXAMPLES OF THE INFINITIVE: I had to go I must go I want to sing To err is human You don't know her You may come

The following verb forms are derived from the Infinitive: i/ Imperative (same as Infinitive but without 'To')

ii/ Present Simple (same as Infinitive without 'To' but the third person singular takes 's') iii/ Present Participle or Gerund (add 'ing')

Now read the text once again to find and copy on page 5 all sentences which contain examples of the Infinitive.

IV. Making sentences with the Infinitive

1. To have a muscle disease is very boring for any people. 2. I do not want to make my body very weak. 3. To climb stairs, you need some tips.

4. I don’t want you to drop things while going along the street. 5. To bump into a car is dangerous.

6. To make life well worth living you have to learn to live with what you have. 7. He is looking for ways not to get worse or get older. 8. He stayed on to adapt to the life there. 9. My motto is to live one day at a time.

10. He likes to climb tree, play football and dream about becoming rich overnight. 11. I hope to represent my country in the World Cup.

12. Getting weaker and weaker, I have no strength even to get out of bed. 13. To go into hospital for tests, I have to miss a lot of school. 14. He learns to look at small things under a microscope. 15. To get out of breath, you just have to run a short way. V. Closing down by reading a poem in English Disabled park He sat in a wheeled chair, waiting for dark, Voices of boys rang saddening like a hymn, And shivered in his ghastly suit of grey, Voices of play and pleasure after day, Legless, sewn short at elbow. Through the Till gathering sleep had mothered them from