Required Exercises in Modern linguistics - 45442

34._____does not belong to the major syntactic categories. A. Auxiliary B. NP C. N D.PP

35. ____refers to construction where one clause is coordinated or conjoined with another. A. Conjoining B.Embedding C. Concord D. Government 36. The criterion used in IC analysis is _____.

A. transformation B. conjoining C. grouping D. substitutability

37. In Halliday’s view, the _______function of language is realized as the transitivity system in

clauses as a representation of experience.

A. ideational B. interpersonal C. textual D. social

38.The level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place is commonly

termed the _____ structure.

A. phrase B.surface C. syntactic D.deep

39. ________is a type of control over the form of some words by other words in certain syntactic

constructions and in terms of certain category.

A. Concord B. Government B. Blinding D. C-command

Chapter V Semantics

II. Multiple Choices

Directions: Choose the best answer and fill in the blank in each item below. 17. Cold and hot are a pair of _______antonyms.

A. gradable B. complementary C. reversal D. converseness

18.*The sense relationship between “John plays the violin” and “John plays a musical instrument”

is ________.

A. hyponymy B. antonymy C. entailment D. synonymy 19. The semantic triangle holds that the meaning of a word is ________. A. interpreted through the mediation of concept. B. related to the thing it refers to

C. the idea associated with that word in the minds of speakers. D. the image it is represented in the mind.

20. ______in a person’s speech, or writing, usually ranges on a continuum from casual to formal according to the type of communicative context.

A. Stylistic variation B. Idealistic variation C. Social variation D. Regional variation 21. _______describes whether a proposition is true or false.

A. Truth B. Truth value C. Truth condition D. Falsehood 22. *“Semantics is the scientific study of meaning” is a ________.

A. synonymy B. polysemy C. antonymy D. tautology 23. *“Wide/narrow” is an example of ________.

A. gradable opposites B. relational opposites C.converseness D. complementarity 24. Idioms are ______.

A. sentences B. naming units C. phrases D. communication 25. The particular words or constructions that produce presuppositions is called ____. A. presupposition condition B. truth condition C. presupposition trigger D. truth value 26. “Socrates is a man” is a case of _____.

A. two-place predicate B. one-place predicate C. Two- place argument D. one-place argument

27. Bull: [BBVINE][MALE][ADULT]is an example of __________. A. componential analysis B. prediction analysis C. compositionality D. selection restriction

28. “John hit Peter” and “Peter was hit by John” are the same___________. A. proposition B. sentence C. utterance D. Truth

29. Lexical ambiguity arises from polysemy or ___which can not be determined by the context. A. homonymy B.antonymy C. meronymy D. synonymy

30. When the truth of sentence (a) guarantees the truth of sentence (b), and the falsity of sentence(a) guarantees the falsity of sentence(a), we can say that________. A. sentence(a) presupposes sentence(b) B. sentence(a) entails sentence(b).

C. sentence(a)is in consistent with sentence(b) D. sentence (a)contradicts sentence(b) 31. * Conceptual meaning is ________.

A. denotative B. connotative C. associative D. affective 32. “John killed Bill but Bill didn’t die” is a(n)______.

A. entailment B. presupposition C. anomaly D. contradiction

.

Chapter VI Pragmatics

II. Multiple Choices

Directions: Choose the best answer and fill in the blank in each item below. 21. Promising, undertaking, vowing are the most typical of the ________. A. declarations B. directives C. commissives D. expressives

22. The illocutionary point of the _____is to express the psychological state specified in the

utterance.

A. declarations B. expressives C. commissives D. directives

23. The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret

sentences is called___________.

A. semantics B. pragmatics

C. sociolinguistics D. psycholinguistics

24. ________found that natural language had its own logic and concluded the cooperative

principle.

A. John Austin B. John Firth C. Paul Grice D. William Jones

25. _________is the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful

communication.

A. Semantics B. Pragmatics

C. Sociolinguistics D. Psycholinguistics

26. ________proposed that the speech act can fall into five general categories. A. Austin B. Searle C. Sapir D. Chomsky

27. The violation of one or more of the conversional _____( of the CP) can, when the listener fully understands the speaker, create conversational implicature, and humor sometimes.

A. standards B. principles C. levels D. maxims

28. Y’s utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of _____. X: Who was that you were with last night?

Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks? A. quality B. quantity C. relation D. manner

29. Most of the violations of the maxims of the CP give rise to ________.

A. breakdown of conversation B. confusion of one’s intention

C. hostility between speakers and the listeners D. conversational implicatures

30. The maxim of quantity requires: ___________.

A. contribute as informative as required B. do not contribute more than is required