unit 1

about, and not any other

e.g. Most students choose one particular area for research. Concrete: definite, positive

e.g. The policy have nothing concrete to go on. 3.

spend: to use your money to pay for goods or services e.g. I can't afford to spend any more money this week. spend something on something

cost: be obtainable at the price of, require the payment of e.g. It costs too much.

take: if something takes a particular amount of time, money, effort, etc., that amount of time, etc. is needed for it to happen or succeed

e.g. Organizing a successful street party takes a lot of energy.

waste: to use more money, time, energy, etc. than is useful or sensible e.g. Leaving the heating on all the time wastes electricity. 4.

conspicuous: very easy to notice

e.g. Lincoln is a conspicuous example of a poor boy who succeeded.

graceful: moving in a smooth and attractive way, or having an attractive shape or form e.g. We admired the graceful poise of the dancer.

lonely: (adj.) unhappy because you are alone or do not have anyone to talk to e.g. He has so few friends that his life is lonely.

truly: used to emphasize that the way you are describing something is really true (= really) e.g. This encyclopedia is truly a compendium of knowledge. 5.

last: happening or coming after all other similar things or people

e.g. And last but not least there is the question of adequate funding.

final: being or happening at the end of a series of events, actions, statements, etc.; being the result

of a particular process

e.g. The project is in its final stages.

ending: the last part of a story; the act of finishing sth., the last part of sth. e.g. His stories usually have a happy ending.

concluding: the last remark ,etc. in an event or piece of writing e.g. This is the concluding section of Chapter 6. 6.

alone: adv./adj. without any friends; without the help of other people or things e.g. Carol felt all alone in the world. It is hard bringing up children alone.

hoarse: adj. (of a person or voice) sounding harsh, especially because of a sore throat e.g. We shouted ourselves hoarse at the football match.

grave: (of people) serious in manner, as if sth. sad, important or worrying has just happened e.g. His face was grave when I told him my decision.

lonely: (adj.) unhappy because you are alone or do not have anyone to talk to

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e.g. Don't you get lonely being on your own all day? 7.

give up: to stop trying to do sth.

e.g. I give up; tell me what the answer is.

give in: to admit that you have been defeated by sb./sth.

e.g. He will give in to his opponent's claim rather than wrangle over a disputed point. stop: to make sb./sth. no longer do sth. e.g. That phone never stops ringing.

retreated (v.+adv./prep.) to change your mind about sth. because of criticism or because a situation has become too difficult

e.g. The government has retreated from its pledge to reduce class size. 8.

believe: to feel certain that sth. is true or that sb. is telling you the truth e.g. He thinks that everyone who believes will go to heaven.

notice: to see or hear sb./sth.;to become aware of sb./sth.; to pay attention to sb./sth. e.g. She wears those strange clothes just to get herself noticed. note: to mention sth. because it is important or interesting e.g. I failed to note that he had left.

decide: to think carefully about the different possibilities that are available and then choose one of them

e.g. That chance meeting decided my career.

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3. Synonym / Antonym

Give some synonyms or antonyms of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.

1. When I was ten I was suddenly confronted with the anguish of moving from the old home I had ever known.

Synonyms: pain, grief, sorrow, agony

2. ―It isn’t easy, is it, Billy?‖ he said softly, sitting down on the steps beside me. Antonyms: loudly, harshly, roughly

3. We seem to have so many ways of saying goodbye and they all have one thing in common: sadness. Synonym:: sorrow, grief, dismay

4. We walked, hand in hand, to his favorite place in the front yard, where a huge red rosebush sat conspicuously alone. Antonyms: inconspicuously, unnoticeably

5. My son had died in some tiny village in Italy Synonyms: small, little

6. When you and your friends must part, I want you to reach deep within you and bring back that 18

first hello.

Antonyms: meet, join, unite, gather

7. A year and half later, my grandfather became gravely ill. Synonyms: seriously, severely, hopelessly

8. My whole life, brief as it was, had been spent in that big old house. Antonyms: long, permanent, lasting

4. Word derivation

Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given word in the brackets.

1. Nobody wanted to live in the industrial part of the town. (industry) 2. The police asked him to give a description of the suitcase he had lost. (describe) 3. He had no suspicion that he was being watched. (suspect) 4. This is Alexandra, my personal assistant. (assist) 5. Although some of my work-mates quickly found new jobs after the factory closed down, my brother and I were unemployed for several months. (employ) 6. Although I was positive that the girl had stolen my ring, I could not find any proof. (prove)

1. industry (n.) 工业、行业；勤奋

industrial (adj.) 工业的；用于工业的；工业发达的 industrious (adj.) 勤奋的、勤劳的 industriously (adv.) 勤劳地、勤奋地 industriousness (n.) 勤奋、勤劳

e.g. The government takes great measures to expand industry and commerce. 政府采取很多举措发展工商业。

His success was due to his industry and thrift. 他取得成功是由于他的勤俭。

Tom is working industriously at his desk. 汤姆正在办公桌前勤奋地工作。

2. describe (v.) 描述某人（某物）；叫做、称做；画（尤指几何图形） description (n.) 对某人（某物）的描述、叙述 descriptive (adj.) 描述的、描写的

e.g. There is some excellent descriptive writing in his novel.

在他的小说里有些极好的描写。

We will describe each of these methods in more detail in the following sections. 在下面的部分中我们将更详细地描述每一种方法。

Your essay contains too much description, and not enough discussion of the issues.

你的文章中有太多的描写，而对问题的论述不够。 Her beauty is beyond description. 她的美丽无法用语言描述。

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3. suspect (v.) 有（某事物）存在或属实的想法，相信；怀疑（某物），不相信；怀疑某人有 某罪

suspect (n.) 嫌疑犯，可疑对象

suspect (adj.) 不可靠的；不可信的；可疑的 suspicion (n.) 怀疑；猜疑；些许味道，少量

suspicious (adj.) 有疑心的，表示怀疑的；引起怀疑的，可疑的 unsuspecting (adj.) 不怀疑的，无猜疑的，可信任的 e.g. The statement of an interested party is naturally suspect.

当事人的陈述自然是可疑的。

I suspect that he is more or less involved in the affair. 我猜他和这件事多少有点牵连。

The constable conducted the suspect to the police station. 警官把嫌疑犯带到派出所。

I'm suspicious of his story because I know he sometimes tells lies. 我对他的说法有疑惑，因为我知道他有时候会说谎。 This boy's honesty is above / beyond suspicion. 这孩子的诚实是不容质疑的。

We were unsuspecting of the fact that he was the very boss there. 我们没料到他就是那里的老板。

4. assist (v.) 帮助、协助、援助；在某场合出席，参加某事物 assistance (n.) 帮忙，援助

assistant (n.) 助手、助理；店员

assistant (adj.) （定语）协理、副经理

e.g. You will be expected to assist the editor with the selection of illustrations for the book.

你需要帮助编辑为这本书选取插图。

In the summer holiday, I will take a part-time job as a shop assistant. 我打算在暑假找一份店员的兼职工作。 Can I be of any assistance, madam? 女士，有什么可以帮你吗？

5. employ (v.) 雇用某人；使用某人（某物），利用（时间、注意力等） employee (n.) 受雇者；雇员；雇工 employer (n.) 雇用者；雇主

employment (n.) 雇用；使用；受雇用；职业

unemployed (adj.) 未被雇用的；失业的；不在使用中的 unemployment (n.) 失业；失业状况；失业人数

e.g. Unemployment has fallen again for the third consecutive month.

失业人数已经连续三个月下降了。 He has been unemployed for over a year. 他已经失业一年多了。

Do you think interview is the best way to choose competent employees? 你认为面试是选择有能力的员工的最好方法吗？

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