山东省济南市2018届高三英语上学期期中试题

is “Ngikhona”, with the literal meaning of “I am here.” In this grateful response lies the awareness of “Until you saw me, I didn’t exist. By recognizing me, you brought me into existence.”

It made me think. When my daughter passed away six years ago, I couldn’t stand it when people asked me afterwards how I was. I wanted to yell at them, “How can you ask a mother something like that? Can’t you see it’s almost impossible to answer that question?” I really couldn’t understand why they were so cruel to me.

But now I realize people mean well by asking such questions. I also think we should put more thought into our general greetings-- by waiting for a proper answer and by being really interested in what the other person has to say. As a beautiful quote from Philip Toshio Sudo goes, “Speak directly from your heart to the heart of your listener, as if passing the flame of a candle.”

Sawubona, my dear friends.

29. Why does the author appreciate the greeting “Sawubona”? A. It makes the speaker recognize his own existence. B. It doesn’t belong to the traditional group. C. It gives the listener a sense of existence. D. It doesn’t require a fixed response.

30. How did the author feel when asked how she was six years ago? A. Curious. B. Grateful. C. Shocked. D. Annoyed.

31. In the author’s opinion, the most important factor in greetings is _____. A. the sincerity B. the custom C. the directness D. the background

D

By trying to tickle(挠痒痒) rats and recording how their nerve cells respond, Shimpei Ishiyama and his adviser are discovering a mystery that has puzzled thinkers since Aristotle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals.

It turns out that Aristotle was wrong. In their study published on Thursday, Ishiyama and his adviser Michael Brecht found that rats squeaked and jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies. These signs of joy changed according to their moods. And for the first time, they discovered a special group of nerve cells. These nerve cells made this feeling so powerful that it causes an individual being tickled to lose control.

To make sure that he had indeed found a place in the brain where tickling was processed, Ishiyama then stimulated(刺激) that area with electrical currents. The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds.

“It’s truly ground-breaking,” said Jeffrey Burgdorf, a neuroscientist at Northwestern University who reviewed the paper. “It takes the study of emotion to a new level.”

Burgdorf has played a central role in our understanding of animal tickling. He was part of a team that first noticed, in the late 1990s, that rats made special noises when they were experiencing social pleasure. Others had already noted that rats repeatedly made short and high sounds during meals. But the lab where Burgdorf worked

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noticed that they emitted similar sounds while playing. And so one day, the senior scientist in the lab said, “Let’s go and tickle some rats.” They quickly found that those cries of pleasure doubled.

“The authors have been very adventurous,” said Daniel O’Connor, a neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins University who studies touch. To him, that finding was very surprising.

“Why does the world literally feel different when you are stressed out?” he said. “This is the first step towards answering that question. It gives us a way to approach it with experimental rigor(严谨).”

32. What contributed to humans’ being ticklish according to Aristotle? A. Their special skin. B. Their social pleasure. C. Their nervous system.

D. Their willingness to touch.

33. Why did the researchers make use of electrical currents? A. To discover the special group of nerve cells. B. To experiment on different animals. C. To follow the process of tickling. D. To prove their finding.

34. Which of the following statements will Jeffrey Burgdorf agree with? A. The research process is full of risks.

B. The finding of the study is surprising and unbelievable. C. The new discovery is beneficial for the study of emotion. D. The finding of the study actually contradicts modern science. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. The Life of Rats B. How Rats Laugh

C. A Wonderful Scientist

D. A New Discovery about Rats

第二节 （共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Some Expressions About Water

Expressions about water are almost as common as water. 36

The expression “in hot water” is one of them. It is a very old expression. “Hot water” was used five hundred years ago to mean being in trouble. One story says it got that meaning from the custom of throwing extremely hot water down on enemies attacking a castle. When we are in hot water, we are in trouble. 37 A young boy can be in hot water with his mother if he comes into the house with dirty shoes.

38 A company seeks to keep its head above water during economically hard times. A man who loses his job tries to keep his head above water until he finds a new job.

Another common expression, “to hold water”, is about the strength of an idea or opinion that you may be arguing for. If it can hold water, it is strong and has

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no holes in it. If your argument can hold water, it is strong and does not have any holes. 39

“To throw cold water” is also an expression that deals with ideas or proposals. 40

For example, you want to buy a new car because the old one has some problems, but your wife throws cold water on the idea, because she says a new car costs too much.

A. It means disliking an idea.

B. You are in a difficult situation.

C. A person who breaks the law can be in hot water with the police. D. If it does not hold water, then it is weak and not worth debating. E. But many of the expressions using “water” have unpleasant meaning.

F. A man who has long been jobless will find it hard to make both ends meet.

G. “To keep one’s head above water” is a colorful expression that means managing to continue to live with great difficulty.

第三部分 英语知识运用 （共两节，满分45分）

第一节 完形填空 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A,B,C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

I was in Houston a few weeks ago, and needed to be back home in Austin by the

early morning the next day. So I 41 to leave that morning. 42 my tire blew out on the way. I 43 a small parking lot. Then I 44 the doors and picked up my phone to call a tow truck (拖车). Soon a man 45 on my driver’s side window and asked if he could help me. From his 46 and behavior, I knew he was far more 47 to rob than help me, so I 48 refused and told him the tow truck was due any minute. He asked again, but again I gently shook my head. He finally said, “Ma’am, you need 49 . A tow truck in Houston will arrive anywhere between 45 minutes and approximately 50 (which I knew was true), and you are not going anywhere until you have that tire 51 .”

I looked hard, straight into his 52 , and instinctively (凭直觉) saw someone

different from the 53 person he appeared to be at first glance. So, against all reasonable 54, but trusting my instincts, I got out. He looked 55 , but got right to work, trying to find the 56 tire. It took a while since it was stored under the van (车厢).

He changed the tire, 57 the seat to its place and said, “Thank you for

letting me help you. You gave me a 58 when most people would never open the door to someone like me. Would it be okay if I gave you a hug?” When I 59 , I gave him a giant hug. I left with a new tire and a renewed 60 in human nature.

41. A. wanted B. happened C. hoped D. had 42. A. Expectedly B. Strangely C. Unfortunately D. Undoubtedly

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43. A. walked around B. pulled into C. looked around D. broke into 44. A. locked B. fixed C. opened D. broke 45. A. knocked B. hit C. climbed D. checked 46. A. words B. appearance C. height D. personality 47. A. willing B. anxious C. likely D. pleased 48. A. hurriedly B. stubbornly C. repeatedly D. politely 49. A. money B. water C. gas D. help 50. A. forever B. now C. never D. already 51. A. balanced B. changed C. moved D. sold 52. A. mind B. eyes C. head D. heart 53. A. violent B. intelligent C. cold-hearted D. reliable 54. A. arguments B. judgments C. decisions D. expectations 55. A. surprised B. disappointed C. touched D. depressed 56. A. flat B. free C. spare D. worn 57. A. showed B. left C. held D. returned 58. A. lesson B. job C. gift D. chance 59. A. recovered B. discovered C. awoke D. wondered 60. A. pride B. delight C. faith D. interest

第II卷

第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第二节 （共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（不超过3个）。

I was staying in Destin for a few days with my family. One morning, I got up early 61 (go) for a walk on the beach. As I was walking, I noticed at least a hundred or more empty beer cans which 62 (leave) in one concentrated area in front of a hotel. I was 63 (fascinate) by the beach, woods and nature so I wanted to keep 64 (they) clean. Naturally, I picked up a few to take to a nearby rubbish can. 65 my way back to the hotel, I saw 66 man walking down the beach with a rubbish bag picking up the cans. I helped him get the rest and walked back to my place, but I couldn’t help 67 (think) about that man and how we need more people like that in the world. It really gave me some 68 (inspire).

In the following days when I stayed in Destin, I always went for a walk with a rubbish bag. The rubbish bag was 69 (total) full by the time I got back to my

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