历年高考语动词考语动词考点透析

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非谓语动词考点透析 不定式

历年高考都对非谓语动词的考查很重视，它是高考中的一个重点考查内容. 现在就非谓语动词中动词不定式在高考中的考点给同学们归纳如下：

一、动词不定式的形式

动词不定式一般由to + 动词原形构成。动词不定式有六种时态和语态，以动词do为例，列表说明如下：

时态 语态 主 动 被 动 一 般 to do to be done 完 成 to have done to have been done 进 行 to be doing 完成进行 to have been doing

二、动词不定式的时态表示与谓语动词的时间关系

(一) 动词不定式的一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。如：

1. Energy drinks are not allowed __________ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. （2006天津卷） A. to make B. to be made C. to have been made D. to be making

【解析】B。本题意为“能量型饮料不容许在澳大利亚生产??”。此题为双重被动式；而且不定式的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生，要用一般式。

（二） 动词不定式的完成式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态之前。如：

2. — Is Bob still performing?

— I’m afraid not. He is said _________ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left

【解析】A。根据题意可知：离开舞台的时间在谓语动词“is said”之前。 三、动词不定式的否定式

动词不定式的否定式就是在to的前面加not。如：

3. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _________ it more difficult. （1999 广东卷） A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make

【解析】B。动词不定式to make life easier和not to make it more difficult都作is的表语；不定式to make的否定式是在其前面加not。 四、动词不定式在高考中的考点分析

(一) 考查动词不定式作目的状语的用法。

动词不定式表示目的时可置于句首也可置于句尾，但是以so as to引导的不定式不能置于句首。如：

4. _________ more about university courses, call (920) 746—3789. (2005 浙江卷) A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out 【解析】A。用不定式to find out表目的。 5. — Can the project be finished as planned?

— Sure, ______ it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day. (2005 福建卷) A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get

【解析】B。不定式短语to get it completed in time在此既能表示动作是在将来完成，又能表示目的。

6. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for Christmas. (2005 辽宁卷) A. in order to have received B. in order to receive

C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving

【解析】C。 句子主语all these gifts与不定式短语动词receive构成被动关系，所以用so as to be received或者in order to be received来表示目的。 （二）考查动词不定式表示结果的用法。

动词不定式表示结果时有时前面有only，表示出乎意料的结果。如：

7. He hurried to the booking office only _________ that all the tickets had been sold out. （陕西卷） A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told

【解析】B。only加不定式表示出乎意料的结果，又由于是他被告知，所以要用不定式的被动式。

（三）考查动词不定式作宾语的用法。

后跟不定式作宾语的动词有：afford, agree, decide, promise, ask, refuse, expect, offer, want, hope, plan, pretend, desire等。如：

8. I can’t stand ________ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ________ talking while she works. （2006 北京卷） A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop

【解析】C。stand在这里是及物动词，作“忍受”讲，其后通常接动名词作宾语；而refuse作“拒绝”讲，其后通常接不定式作宾语。

9. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, wanting __________. （2006 湖南卷） A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using

【解析】B。选项A、C、D都表示是句子主语所发出的动作，而选项B表示是句子主语所承受的动作。根据句子语境，“文学原材料等待着被使用”可知，B是正确的选项。动词不定式to be used作want的宾语。

10. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what __________ in my new job. （2000 全国

卷）

A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects

【解析】B。疑问词 + 动词不定式在句中作know的宾语。 （四）考查动词不定式作表语的用法。

11. One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to _____ healthy eating habits. （2006 湖北卷） A. grow B. develop C. increase D. raise 【解析】B。 grow“生长”；increase“增加、增长”；raise“提高、举起”；develop“发展、培养”，此处develop?habits意思是“养成??的习惯”。不定式to develop作is的表语。 注意：动词不定式作表语，若句子的主语中有do, 动词不定式符号“to”要省略。如：What I can do is wait and wait.

（五）考查动词不定式作定语的用法。

12. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one __________. （2006 安徽卷） A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed 【解析】C。此句意思是：“Mr. Green站起身来为那位16岁的男孩辩护，说他并不是要受责备的那个人。” 句中不定式短语to blame作定语，修饰代词the one。 13. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic

Games _______ in Beijing in 2008. （2006 四川卷） A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held

【解析】D。 不定式to be held作定语，修饰名词the 29th Olympic Games，表示即将发生的被动动作。

（六）考查动词不定式作宾补的用法。

14. Mr. Smith warned her daughter _____ after drinking. （1991 全国卷） A. never to drive B. to never drink C. never driving D. never drive 【解析】A。“never to drive” 作宾语her daughter的补足语。 （七）考查动词不定式在独立主格结构中的用法。

独立主格的语法特征是：它有自己的逻辑主语，并且和句子的主语不一致。 15. I send you 100 dollars, the rest _________ in a year. （2005 湖南卷） A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed

【解析】C。此处是考查独立主格的“名词或代词 + 动词不定式” 结构。独立主格的主语与句子的主语不一致；又因其余的钱需要在一年之后给，因此应用不定式来表示将来的动作。 【跟踪练习】

1. It is foolish __________. A. for you to believe him B. of you to believe him C. for you believing him D. of you believing him

2. All you have to do is ___________. A. study B. to studying C. studying D. have to study

3. Though they had a meeting yesterday, there is much that remains __________. A. solving B. solve C. to solve D. to be solved 4. I need some paper _________ . A. to write B. to write on C. for writing D. to write with

5. The house _________ next year will be used as a hospital. A. built B. to build C. being built D. to be built

6. He did very well, but he failed ________ the world record. A. breaking B. to break C. in breaking D. to have broken

7. Is it necessary ________ the book immediately? A. for him to return B. that he returns C. his returning D. to him return

8. The shy girl doesn’t like __________ in public. A. laughing at B. to be laughed at C. to laugh at D. laughed at 9. I’ve got something __________ you. A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. for telling

10. Master Wu teaches us __________ the machine. A. what to do B. how run C. how to run D. run