电力专业术语英汉对照表

电力专业术语英汉对照表

电网结构、电源分布、负荷水平、电网规模、供电可靠性； 大系统理论、分层决策、分层控制

控制方式：局部控制；统一决策、集中控制；分散决策、分散控制；分层决策、分层控制； N-1标准、输电系统静态安全评估标准之一；

N-1标准：系统中1个发电机组或1个电网设备(线路、电缆、变压器)退出运行时，系统仍应能维持运行。

停电损失；

系统运行涉及的备用主要有负荷备用和事故备用。

稳定控制技术：就地分散型装置向区域分布式系统发展。 防止区域性频率崩溃的连锁切负荷

局部故障、保护及控制装置的拒动或误动、不适当或不及时的手动措施、导致一系列相继故障或连锁开断

系统的充裕行、经济性和可靠性；

the liberalization of electricity market, economical benefits, the grid has to be operated with maximized transfers

physical constrains; outage, partially black-out, complete black-out; available transmission capacity(ATC)

突然损失发电机或线路：sudden loss of a generator or transmission line. 负荷突然增加或减少：sudden load increases or decreases 短路和开关操作：short circuits and switching operations. 三相和对地短路：three-phase and line-to-ground faults 短路器：circuit breaker

暂态过电压和电流：transient overvoltages and currents 雷击：lightning strikes 电涌放电器：surge arrester

相量：phasor，通常用复数phasors 瞬时功率：instantaneous power 特别地：In particular,

正弦电压或电流：A sinusoidal voltage or current at constant frequency

最大值：maximum value 有效值：effective value 平均值：average value

坐标系实轴：real axis

坐标系虚轴：imaginary axis 相量图：phasor diagram for …

无源元件：passive elements

电阻、电感、电容、电抗：resistor, inductor, and capacitor, reactance, 感性、容性：inductive, capacitive 有功功率：real power or active power

无功功率：reactive power 功率因数：power factor

功率因数角：power factor angle

A single-phase source delivers 100kW to a load operating at a power factor of 0.8 lagging.

物理意义：The physical significance of … …与…同相位：…be in phase with…

Example：For a purely resistive load, the current into the load is in phase with the load voltage.

如式（2.1）所示：As indicated by (2.1), …

…落后(超前)…多少相位：The current lags（leads） the voltage by 90. 正弦稳态：sinusoidal-steady-state 让a＝b，得到：Letting a=b gives

按照惯例（通常）：By convention, the power factor cos(a-b) is positive. 时间区间：a time interval T. Example: The total energy absorbed by a load during a time interval T.

额定值：rating. 例：额定功率－power rating；发电机额定功率－power rating of electric generator；额定电压：voltage rating.

基尔霍夫电流（电压）方程：Kirchhoff’s current(voltage) law。 （P.48） 节点方程：nodal equations 导纳矩阵：admittance matrix

有N个节点电压构成的列相量：column vector of N bus voltages 对角元素：diagonal elements 非对角元：off-diagonal elements

自导纳：self-admittance; driving-point admittance 互导纳：mutual admittance; transfer admittance

美国8.14大停电：The US blackout on 14 August, 2003

…对…将产生深远影响：The blackout will have huge technical and organizational consequences for the US power industry.

当地仅存的无功电源无法维持电压：The existing local reactive power sources were not able to support the voltages.

切除线路：trip(tripped) the lines.

The isolated part suffered from low voltage and a severe deficit of generation.

电力系统稳定是指…：Power system stability refers to the ability of synchronous machines to move from one steady-state operating point following a disturbance to another steady-state operating point, without losing synchronism. 额定值：nominal values

故障类型：loss of generation, line-switching operations, faults, sudden load changes 同步频率：synchronous frequency 波动：fluctuate

In today’s large-scale power systems with many synchronous machines interconnected by complicated transmission networks, 汽轮机-调速器、励磁系统、有载调压变压器：turbine-governors, excitation systems, tap-changing

transforms

三相平衡系统：balanced three-phase system 系统崩溃：the complete collapse of the system

引起重视：a few basic facts should be brought to the attention of the general public. 一些理由听起来很有道理：reasons for interconnections are sound 从国家层面来讲：On the national scene

N-1开断：single-element outage(one-transmission line or one-generator outage) N-2开断：multiple-element outage(two-transmission line outage, one transmission line and one generator outage, etc)

连锁开断：sequential outage(one outage after another)

系统是否安全：Limit checking is done for each contingency to determine whether the system is secure.

随着电力工业放松管制的大趋势：With the global trend toward deregulation in the power system industry, ……

牛顿第二定律：Newton’s second law,

机械力矩、电磁力矩、制动力矩：mechanical torque, electrical torque, retarding torque 转子角速度、转子角：rotor angular velocity, rotor angular position

通常…：It is convenient to measure the rotor angular position with respect to a synchronously rotating reference axis instead of a stationary axis. 惯性常数：inertia constant 注意到：Note that it is

二阶微分方程：a second-order differential equation 水电机组单元：hydroelectric generating unit

短路开始：Determine the power angle 3 cycles after the short circuit commenes. …是引起问题的原因…：（1）Faulty relay found to be the source of trouble. （2）The failure was attributed to a faulty relay. 同调机群：coherent machines

图1表示…。如图所示：Figure 1 shows a simplified model … As shown, the synchronous machine is represented by a constant internal voltage behind its direct axis transient reactance . 内电势：interval voltage

直轴暂态电抗：direct axis transient reactance

此模型基于下述假设：This model is based on the following assumptions:

正序、负序、零序：positive-sequence, negative-sequence, zero-sequence(null-sequence) 无穷大母线：infinite bus 电力系统稳定与控制词汇表

armature 电枢（电机的部件） field 场，范围 pole pair 杆对, 极对 mmf=Magnetic Motive Force 磁动势 quadrature 90 度相移 direct and quadrature axes d和q轴 magnetic circuit

Per unit representation 每个机组的表示法 Stator 定子, 固定片

Rotor 转子 flux linkage 磁链 torque 转矩

phasor representation 矢量表示法, magnetic saturation 磁(性)饱和 open circuit [电]断路 swing 摆动、摇摆 inertia 惯性 constant 常数

large-scale 大规模的 amortisseur reactive capability natural surge transfer loadability induction motor steady-state approach excitation underexcite limiter

overexcitation subtransient phase-shifting transformer field-shorting prime mover energy supply hydraulic turbine governing turbine inelastic governor thermal off-frequency fossil-fuelled energy systems converter valve blocking harmonics ratio fault composite underfrequency shunt 阻尼器 电抗的

可能输出功率 固有的 冲花

传递,转移

载荷能力,载荷率 感应电动机 稳态

趋近,近似法 励磁

欠励磁, 励磁不足 过激励, 超激磁 次暂态

移相变压器 励磁短路 原动机 供电 水轮机

控制，管理，调节 汽轮机、涡轮机 非弹性的 蒂器 热的

越限频率

燃气能量系统 变换机 阀, 活门 闭塞 谐波 比 故障 复合的

低于额定频率,频率过低并联

series 串联

Underfrequency load shedding 低频减载 Interarea oscillation

Leakage Inductance 漏感