大学英语语法之倒装

倒装

英语句子中的倒装（Inversion）分为部分倒装（Partial Inversion）和全部倒装（Full Inversion）。所谓部分倒装是指将句子谓语部分的助动词或情态助动词置于主语之前，全部倒装是指将整个谓语动词置于主语之前。

1．so /neither, nor＋

be/助动词/情态动词＋主语。例如：

My father is an engineer; so is my husband.

Jane didn’t attend my class yesterday; nor did she attend last week.

2．具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子一般部分倒装，即将be动词、助动词或情态动词提到主语前。这类词或短语包括：not, never, seldom, hardly,

rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner…(than), hardly/scarcely…(when),等。

Never has my brother been abroad before.

Hardly had I sat down when I heard someone knocking at the door. No sooner had he returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there.

[注:] 如果句首的否定词修饰主语，是主语的一部分，则句子不用倒装。 例如：Scarcely a drop of rain fell last month.

3．*****as 或though引导的让步状语从句常用倒装。一般将一些形容词、副词等置于句首。例如：

Prominent as he is in his field, he remains easy-going. 尽管他在自己的领域很出色，但他还是很随和。

Wealthy as he is, I don’t envy him. 尽管他很富有，但我不嫉妒他。

4．*****当so/such; only+状语等表示程度或频率的副词置于句首时，句子一般倒装。 这样的结构起一个强调作用，与正常语序的区别只是程度的不同。例如：

So great was the destruction that the south took decades to recovery. (The destruction was so great that the south took decades to recovery.)

Often does he warn us not to touch the poisonous chemical. Only in this way can we accomplish it on time.

5．当there, here, then, now等副词置于句首，且谓语动词为come, go, be等词时，句子一般全部倒装，此类倒装句旨在引起别人注意。但如果主语是代词，句子则不倒装。

Look! Here comes the taxi.

Here are some letters for you to type. Look! Here they come.

6．地点状语位于句首，如：out, in, away, up, bang等方位或拟声词置于句首时，句子一般全部倒装。此类倒装句比正常语序的句子更生动、形象。但如主语是代词，句子则不倒装。例如：Away flew the bird.

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7．在虚拟语气中，非真实条件句中省略“if”时，句子要倒装。 Had I left earlier， I would have caught the train. Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.

例题1

? Only recently to realize the dangers caffeine (咖啡因) might bring to our

health.

A. that scientists began C. scientists have begun 例题2

B. have scientists begun D. that did scientists begin

? Busy he is, he can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.

A. because C. no matter how 例题3

B. as

D. although

? Under no circumstances anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the

interests of other people. A. should we do B. we should do C. we do should D. so we should 练习：

1. Rarely ____ such a silly thing. a. have I heard of b. I have heard of c. have I heard d. I have heard

2. Hardly _____ the people ran toward it. a. had the plane landed when b. had the plane landed than c. the plane had landed before d. the plane was landing than

3. Never in my life _____ a TV program so much. a. I have enjoyed b. have I enjoyed c. I enjoyed d. do I enjoyed

4. Under no circumstances _____ our mistakes. a. we should ignore b. we ignore c. should we ignore d. we’d not ignore 5. At no time ____ other countries. a. China will invade b. will invade China c. will China invade d. invade will China 6. _______ , it is easy to drill a hole in it with laser.

a. Hard although a diamond is b. Hard as a diamond is c. As a diamond is hard d. How hard is a diamond 7. So fast ______ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.

a. light travels b. travels the light c. do light travel

d. does light travel

8. Only when he had done it ____ that he had made a mistake. a. he then realized b. did he realize c. before he realize d. he realized

9. Only in this way ______ this difficult problem. a. you can solve b. solve you can c. can you solve d. can solve you

10. Tom speaks English very well .________ . a. So does Mary b. Mary does so c. Nor does Mary d. Mary does nor 11. I can’t swim. ______. a. So can’t my wife. b. My wife can’t, too. c. Nor can my wife. d. Nor can’t my wife 12. In front of us _______ which is under construction. a. the office building is b. is the office building c. does the office building d. the office building does 13. Only within the past 200 years _____ what fire is.

a. have scientists found out b. did scientists found out

c. scientists have found out d. scientists found out

14. So fast ____ light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.

a. as

b. that

c. does

d. what