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中国矿业大学徐海学院2013届本科生毕业设计（论文）

翻译部分：

英文文献：

Trends in the Selection of Automatic Identification Technology in

Electronic Commerce Applications

Abstract

Since the 1970s,automatic identification (auto-ID) technologies have been evolving to revolutionise the way people live and work. Previous research has not addressed auto-ID technological innovation as a field of study, despite its growing importance on consumer, business and government electronic commerce (EC) applications. This paper is specifically concerned with five auto-ID technologies, bar codes, magnetic-stripe card, smart card, biometrics and radio-frequency identification (RF/ID) tags and transponders. Using multiple embedded case studies and applying the fundamental concepts of the systems of innovation (SI) approach, the overall aim is to understand the selection environment of the auto-ID industry. The results show that industry competition encourages the coexistence of numerous auto-ID technologies, dispelling the idea that one superior technology will make all others obsolete. This can be seen by the trends of migration, integration and convergence that are occurring in auto-ID innovation today. The significance of the study rests in its practical contributions. Stakeholders will benefit by becoming more aware of the opportunities in the market for the recombination of one or more auto-ID techniques. Additionally, suppliers of auto-ID system components will understand the new paradigm where various auto-ID firms can share in the same trajectory successfully.

1. INTRODUCTION

Thispaperis concerned with automatic identification (auto-ID) technologies which first came to prominence in the early 1970s. As opposed to manual identification, auto-ID is the act of identifying a living or nonliving thing without direct human intervention.From bar codes on supermarket store items, to magnetic-stripe cards allowing the transfer of government benefits to smart cards used in place of cash to purchase goods and services. From fingerprint biometric

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中国矿业大学徐海学院2013届本科生毕业设计（论文）

devices used to bypass immigration officials at airports to RF/ID tags used to monitor low-risk prisoners serving their sentence from home. The traditional problem for stakeholders in the auto-ID market has been one of choice. Particularly for the auto-ID manufacturer, which path to follow has always been linked to the question of the long-term survivability of a given auto-ID device.Yet, each stakeholder considers the selection environment from a different perspective.For instance,service providersmaybeinterestedinthe implementation of an auto-ID device that will increase application usage, while consumers may demand a secure method for conducting transactions. In applying the SI concepts to the auto-ID market, the problem of choice is not considered in terms of the production function that Schumpeter and other neo-classical economists hadoriginally helped to establish.Rather,stemming from evolutionary economics, SI considers a pattern of innovation that is evolutionary in nature. The idea that innovation occurs in the auto-ID industry continually searching for an optimal solution is thus challenged. More important is the system of innovation since firms never innovate in isolation, indicating that innovation is driven through the interaction of auto-ID stakeholders. The objective of this paper is to identify the prevalent trends in auto-ID innovation using mini case studies.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

What is surprising to note is that the key concept “automatic identification” has appeared in the titles of only a limited number of publications including: Moran (n.d.), Berge (1987), Sharp (1987), Schwind (1987), Gold (1988), Hewkin (1989), Smith (1990), Adams (1990), Cohen (1994), LaMoreaux (1998), O?Gorman and Pavlidis (1999), and Swartz (1999). This does not mean that the term is unfounded, for it is commonly used within the body of literature, but usually in the context of a single device only. Most recently the term,has been usurped by RF/ID suppliers trying to promote the advantages of transponders over bar codes. What the lack of clarity in the use of the concept signifies is a deficiency in understanding that the various auto-ID techniques belong collectively to a larger auto-ID technology system (TS). This is the critical gap in the literature that this paper aims to fill.

There are four primary works that attempt to cover issues related to auto-ID technologies as a field of study. The first is Automatic Identification and Data

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