15秋东北大学大学英语（统考）在线练习题8（客观题）

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ò??￠???áàí?a￡¨12 4 μàê?ìa￡?12 40 ·??￡￡?V 1. Americans are pound of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?

Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian￡¨°ùD?μ?￡?clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity￡¨éí·Y￡?than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible￡¨?é???°μ?￡?. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.

Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.

Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.

1). It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality _______. A. still judge a man by his clothes B. hold the uniform in such high regard C. enjoy having a professional identity

D. will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform ?ú·?￡o2 ·?

2). People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform _______. A. suggests quality work

B. discards his social identity C. appears to be more practical

D. looks superior to a person in civilian clothes ?ú·?￡o2 ·?

3). The chief function of a uniform is to _______. A. provide practical benefits to the wearer B. make the wearer catch the pubic eye

C. inspire the wearer?ˉs confidence in himself

D. provide the wearer with a professional identity ?ú·?￡o2 ·?

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4). According to the passage, people wearing uniforms _______. A. are usually helpful

B. have little or no individual freedom C. tend to lose their individuality D. enjoy greater popularity ?ú·?￡o2 ·?

5). The best title for this passage would be _______. A. Uniforms and Society

B. The Importance of Wearing a Uniform

C. Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform D. Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms ?ú·?￡o2 ·?

2. American society is not nap￡¨???ˉ￡?---friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. ?°There?ˉs even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep.?± Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote proverb: ?°Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven.?±

Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. ?°We have to totally change our attitude toward napping?±, says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an ?°American sleep debt?± which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half-hour snooze￡¨′ò?§?ˉ￡?every afternoon.

About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have ?°a mid-afternoon quiet phase?± also called ?°a secondary sleep gate.?± Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.

We Superstars of Snooze don?ˉt nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we ?°snack?± on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.

1). It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is _______. A. unreasonable B. criminal

C. harmful D. costly

?ú·?￡o2 ·?

2). The research done by the Dement commission shows that Americans ________. A. don?ˉt like to take naps

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B. are terribly worried about their national debt C. sleep less than is good for them

D. have caused many industrial and traffic accidents ?ú·?￡o2 ·?

3). The purpose of this article is to ___________. A. warn us of the wickedness of napping B. explain the danger of sleepiness C. discuss the side effects of napping

D. convince the reader of the necessity of napping ?ú·?￡o2 ·?

4). The ?°American sleep debt?± (Line 1, Para.3) is the result of _________. A. the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleep

B. the new sleep policy of the Clinton Administration C. the rapid development of American industry

D. the Americans?ˉ worry about the danger of sleepiness ?ú·?￡o2 ·?

5). The second sentence of the last paragraph tells us that it is __________. A. preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shift B. good practice to eat something light before we go to bed C. essential to make up for lost sleep

D. natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for it ?ú·?￡o2 ·? 3. When Mrs. Joseph Groeger died recently in Vienna, Austria, people asked the obvious, ?°Why did she live to be 107??± Answers were provided by a survey conducted among 148 Viennese men and women who had reached the age of 100. Somewhat surprising was the fact that the majority had lived most of their lives in cities. In spite of the city?ˉs image as an unhealthy place, city living often provides benefits that county living can lack. One factor seems to be important to the longevity (3¤êù) of those interviewed.

This factor is exercise. In the cities it is often faster to walk short distances than to wait for a bus. Even taking public transportation often requires some walking. Smaller apartment houses have no elevators (μ?ìY), and so people must climb stairs. City people can usually walk to local supermarkets. Since parking spaces are hard to find, there is often no alternative to walking.

On the other hand, those who live in the country and suburbs do not have to walk every day. In fact, the opposite is often true. To go to school, work, or almost anywhere else, they must ride in cars.

1). The Vienna survey may help to explain _______. A. the complaints of people in apartment houses

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B. the cause of Mrs. Groeger?ˉs death

C. the longevity of people like Mrs. Groeger

D. the image of cities in general ?ú·?￡o2 ·?

2). The purpose of the second paragraph is to list some _______. A. benefits of walking

B. occasions for walking in city life

C. comments made by city people

D. problems of city living ?ú·?￡o2 ·? 3). To reach the third floor of a building, it would probably be most healthful ____. A. to take the elevator B. to walk up the stairs

C. to ride in a car

D. to find an alternative to walking ?ú·?￡o2 ·?

4). People who live in the country probably do more driving than walking because _______.

A. they don?ˉt live near business areas B. they don?ˉt need the exercise

C. they never have parking problems

D. they can?ˉt afford to take the bus ?ú·?￡o2 ·?

5). A conclusion that can be drawn from this passage is that _______. A. air pollution is not serious

B. anyone can live to be 107

C. country people should move to the city

D. walking is a healthful exercise ?ú·?￡o2 ·?

4. A dream is one kind of experience. It seems as real as something that actually happens; in it the dreamer takes actions and reacts. During dreams the body is asleep but the thinking part of the brain is wide awake. In fact, it is more active than