电科专业英语复习资料

Text 1_Exercise

? 1. the microprocessor is the central ①component （部件）of the PC.

? 2. Reliability and Stability: The quality of the processor is one factor that

determines ②how reliably your system will run （系统运行的可靠性） . While most processors are very ③dependable（可靠的）, some are not. This also depends

④to some extent（在某种程度上） on the age of processor and how much energy it ⑤consumes（消耗）.

? 3.Flash memory is a ①solid state (固态的) storage device- everything is ②

electronic （电子的）. Flash memory provides a ③non-volatile（非易失的） ，reliable, low power, low cost, ④high density（高密度）storage device for programmable ⑤code and data（代码和数据）, making it extremely useful in the ⑥embedded (嵌入式) marketplace. 翻译：

? 1. 芯片是嵌入了集成电路的一小片半导体材料。

? 1. A chip is a small piece of semiconducting material on which an integrated circuit is embedded. ? 2. 典型芯片不足1 平方英寸，却能包含几百万个晶体管。芯片有各种类型。如CPU芯片包含一个完整的处理单元，而存储芯片包含空白的存储器。 ? 2. A typical chip is less than 1 square inches and can contain millions of transistors. There are different types of chips. For example, CPU chips contain an entire processing unit, whereas memory chips contain blank memory.

Text 2 Exercise

? Most designers are totallyignorant of （不懂）the frequency limitations of the

passive components they use in _analog circuitry （模拟电路）.

? Passive components have_limited frequency ranges（有限的频率范围）some very

unexpected results. One might think that this discussion only applies to high-speed analog circuits.

? But high frequencies that are radiated or conducted（辐射或者感应） into a

low-speed circuit will affect passive components as well as

? For example: a simple op amp low-pass filter may well turn intoa high-pass filter （高通滤波器） at RF frequencies ? 翻译：

? 电路是无源器件和有源器件的组合。器件按照使其能完成期望功能的方式排列。得到的器件排列叫做一个电路，或有时叫做一个电路结构。模拟设计的技巧就是开发

电路结构。

? Circuits are a mix of passive and active components. The components are arranged in a manner that enables them to perform some desired function.

The resulting arrangement of components is called a circuit configuration. The art portion of analog design is developing the circuit configuration. ? 3. 得到的器件排列叫做一个电路，或有时叫做一个电路结构。模拟设计的技巧就是

开发电路结构。 ? The resulting arrangement of components is called a circuit configuration. The art

portion of analog design is developing the circuit configuration. Text 3_Exercises ? Text 3_Exercises ? In a TDMA scheme several calls ①Share a frequency channel (共用一个频道). The scheme is useful for ②digitized speech(数字化语音) or other digital data. Each call is allocated ③a number of time slots (若干时隙) based on its ④data rate (数据率) within a frame for upstream ⑤ as well as downstream. ⑥Apart from (除了) the

user date, each time slot also carries other data for ⑦synchronization (同步), guard times, and control information. ? The available spectrum bandwidth is shared in a number of ways by various

wireless radio links. The way in which this is done is referred to as a multiple access scheme.

? 可用频谱带宽被不同的无限射频链路以几种方式共用。共用的方式被称为多址模式。

? There are basically four principle schemes. These are frequency division multiple

access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), and space division multiple access (SDMA). ? 四种主要的模式为：频分多址(FDMA)，时分多址(TDMA)，码分多址(CDMA)和空分多址(SDMA)。

? 蜂窝的概念是由贝尔实验室发明的，1983年10月在芝加哥出现了第一个商用模拟

话音系统。 ? The cellular concept was invented by Bell Laboratories and the first commercial analog voice system was introduced in Chicago in October 1983. ? 在第三代通信系统中，卫星将在提供全球覆盖方面发挥重要作用。 ? In the third-generation communication systems, satellites are going to play a major role in providing global coverage. Unit 6-Exec 1. (1) To under stand video (为了理解视频)，it is best to start with simple, old-fashioned black-and-white television．To represent the two-dimensional image (二维图像) in front of it as a one-dimensional voltage as a function of time (一个时间的函数)，the camera scans an electron beam (电于束)rapidly across the image and slowly down it，recording the light intensity (光的强度)as it goes．At the end of the scan，called a frame (被称作一帧)，the beam retraces. This intensity as a function of time is broadcast，and receivers repeat the scanning process to econstrruct the image (重建图像)．

1. (2) Color video uses the same scanning pattern as monochrome (black and white)，except that instead of displaying the image with one moving beam，it uses three beams moving in unison．One beam is used for each of the three additive primary colors (加性三基 色) red，green，and blue (RGB)．This technique works because any color can be constructed from a linear superposition of red, green, and blue (红、绿、蓝的线性叠加) with the appropriate intensities．However，for transmission on a single channel，the three co1or signals must be combined into a single composite signal (必须合成为一个单一复合信号)．

Translation 4——含被动语态句子的译法

? When rust is formed, a chemical change has taken place. ? 当铁锈生成时，就发生了化学变化。

? （2）把原主语译为宾语。

? Friction can be reduced and the life of the machine prolonged by lubrication. ? 润滑能减少摩擦，延长机器寿命。 ? （3）增译适当主语。

? To explore the moon’s surface, rockets were launched again and again. ? 为了探测月球的表面，人们一次又一次地发射火箭。 ? （3）增译适当主语。

? Salt is known to have a very strong corroding effect on metals. ? 大家知道，盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。 ? （3）增译适当主语。

? 3) 由it作为形式主语的被动语句

? It is believed to be natural that more and more engineers have come to prefer synthetic material to natural material. ? 愈来愈多的工程人员宁愿用合成材料而不用天然材料,人们相信这是很自然的。 ? Best surface finish is provided by machining methods especially by grinding . ? 用机械加工方法，特别是用磨削方法，可以获得最佳表面粗糙度。 ? Attention has been paid to the measures to prevent corrosion. ? 已经注意到采取防腐新措施。 ? This kind of device is much needed in the mechanical watch-making industry. ? 这种装置在机械制表工业中是很需要的。 ? The substance which gives up hydrogen is said to be oxidized and the one which accepts the hydrogen is said to be reduced.

放出氢的物质被称为氧化了的物质，而接受氢的物质被称为还原了的（物质）。 ? Other processes will be discussed briefly. 其他方法将简单地加以讨论。 ? 1. The numerical data concerned are provided in the third chapter. ? 第三章提供了相关的数据资料。（原主语译成宾语）

? 2. A stage in human civilization is often called by the substance mainly used at that stage: the Stone Age, the Iron Age, and so on. ? 人类文明的各个时期通常是根据人们在各个时期所主要使用的物质名称而命名的，例如石器时代、铁器时代，等等。（译成汉语判断句的情况） ? 3. The design will be examined by a special committee first. ? 这项设计将先由一个专门委员会予以审查。（译成汉语被动句）

? 4. A broadband spiral antenna (2 to 18GHz) is modeled using the FDTD method. ? 本文利用FDTD法模拟了宽带螺线天线（2G～18GHz）。

? 5. The variation with feed position of the input impedance of a rectangular patch antenna is investigated theoretically. ? Two different feed types are examined: an inset microstrip line, and a coaxial probe. ? The finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) technique is used for the calculations. Numerical results are compared with published measurement and other theoretical models.

长难句的译法——1、顺译法

? Being able to receive information from any one of a large number of separate places,

carry out the necessary calculations and give the answer or order to one or more of the same number of places scattered around a plant in a minute or two, or even in a few seconds, computers are ideal for automatic control in process industry.

? 由于计算机能够在一二分钟甚至几秒钟之内从工厂大量分散的任何一个地方获取

信息进行必要的运算，并向分散在工厂各处的同样多地方中的一处或多处提供答案或发出指令，所以它对加工工业的自动控制是理想的。

? This hope of “early discovery” of lung cancer followed by surgical cure, which

currently seems to be the most effective form of therapy, is often the thwarted by diverse biologic behaviors in the rate and direction of the growth of cancer.

? 人们希望“早期发现”肺癌，随之进行外科治疗，因为外科治疗目前可能是效果最好

的办法。然而，由于肺癌生长速度和生长方向等生物学特征有很大差异，早期发现的希望往往落空。 长难句的译法——2、倒译法

? The construction of such a satellite is now believed to be quite realizable, its

realization being supported with all the achievements of contemporary science, which have brought into being not only materials capable of withstanding severe stresses involved and high temperatures developed, but new technological processes as well.

? 现代科学的一切成就不仅提供了能够承受高温高压的材料，而且也提供了新的工艺

过程。依靠现代科学的这些成就，我们相信完全可以制造这样的人造卫星

长难句的译法—— 3、分译法

? On account of the accuracy and ease with which resistance measurements may be

made and the well-known manner in which resistance varies with temperature, it is

common to use this variation to indicate change in temperature.

? 我们都知道，电阻的大小是随温度而变化的，对电阻测量既精确又方便。因此，通

常都用电阻的变化来表示温度的变化。

状语从句的译法—— 1、顺译法

? 1. Whenever you need any specific information or data, you may use the built-in

telephone and the keyboard to call up the central computer for the information you need.

? 每当你需要任何专门的情报或资料时，你可以使用内装的电话和键盘向中央计算

机查询你需要的情报。 ? 2. Complicated as a modern machine is, it is essentially a combination of simple

machines. ? 3. Some people cannot accept the idea that animals might have intelligence so that they are even more surprised at the suggestion that machine might. ? 有些人不能接受动物可能有智力的想法，因此，他们对机器可能有智力的设想就更

加惊讶。

? 1. Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. ? 如果机器发生故障, 就把电门关上。现代化机械虽复杂，但实质上是许多简单机

械的组合。 ? 2. The electromagnetic field distribution around this antenna can be simulated using