【最新推荐】2020版高考英语新课标大二轮专题辅导与增分攻略 专题三 阅读理解专题强化训练18 Word版含答案

专题强化训练(十八)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2019·都匀市第一中学月考)Louise Blanchard Bethune showed early promise in math. But Louise did not go to school. Instead, her father taught her at home until she was 11 years old. She also discovered a skill for planning houses. It developed into a lifelong interest in architecture and a place in history as the first professional female architect in the United States.

After graduating from high school in 1874, Louise traveled and studied. She hoped to prepare herself to attend the new architecture school at Cornell University. But then Buffalo's leading architectural firm of Richard A．Waite and F．W. Caulkins offered her a job. She knew that architects gained their training from practical experience, not from school. She took the job.

Louise worked there as an assistant, 10 hours a day for five years. She learned and mastered drawing and architectural design. She also met her husband, Robert A．Bethune. Their new firm, R．A. and L．Bethune, opened in October 1881.

Bethune appeared to be the strength of the business. At the turn of the 20th century, the city of Buffalo was rapidly expanding to meet the demands of growing industry. The firm received tasks to build hundreds of structures throughout western New York. The firm designed lots of schools, apartment buildings, department stores, churches and factories.

Bethune believed that being an architect meant being an artist, a scientist and a business person. She made a point of advocating for women in the profession. She became a member of the Western Association of Architects(WAA) in 1885. In 1888, she was the first woman to join the American Institute of Architects(AIA). Besides, Bethune took a firm stand on equal treatment for women architects. She insisted on equal pay for equal work.

Bethune left almost no papers or letters, and few people recognize her name today. But her legacy remains in the foothold she established for women in the field of architecture. She started her own firm and enjoyed a successful career.

语篇解读：本文是一篇人物类阅读，介绍了Bethune尽管没有上过学，但是她对于建筑有很大的兴趣，她凭借自己的努力在建筑行业取得了很大的成功，并且还坚持平等地对待女性，要同工同酬。

1．When Louise Bethune was a girl, she liked to ________. A．design buildings

B．read picture books of buildings C．play with toy houses D．make models of buildings

[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段“She also discovered a skill for planning houses.”可知，她对于建筑感兴趣，故选A。

[答案] A

2．Why did Louise Bethune give up going to university? A．She got married. B．She lacked money.

C．She started her own business. D．She wanted to learn through work.

[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段“She knew that architects gained their training from practical experience, not from school. She took the job.”可知，她没有去上大学，她接受了公司的工作，她认为应该在工作中获得建筑的实际经验，而不是在学校里获得，故选D。

[答案] D

3．What does the fourth paragraph show?

A．Bethune' s business was a success. B．Bethune' s city developed quickly. C．An architect should be an artist first. D．Women can be professional architects.

[解析] 段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，公司设计了很多学校、公寓、商店、教堂和工厂等，Bethune的生意非常成功。故选A。

[答案] A

4．What contribution did Louise Bethune make to society? A．She educated a lot of women architects. B．She wrote a lot of letters and papers. C．She founded the AIA and WAA. D．She fought for women' s rights.

[解析] 细节理解题。根据第五段“Bethune took a firm stand on equal treatment for women architects. She insisted on equal pay for equal work.”可知，Bethune坚信女建筑师应该享受平等待遇，她坚持同工同酬。故选D。

[答案] D

B

(2019·河北衡水中学高三月考)It is not unusual for people to speak two or three languages; they're known as bilinguals or trilinguals. Speakers of more than three languages are known as polyglots. And when we refer to people who speak many languages, perhaps a dozen or more, we use the term hyper－polyglot.

The most famous hyper－polyglot was Giuseppe Mezzofanti, a 19th century Italian cardinal(红衣主教), who was said to speak 72 languages. This claim sounds absurd. If_you_assume_each_language _had_20,000_words,_Mezzofanti_would_have_to_learn_a_word_a_minute,_six_hours_a_day,_for_eleven_years—an_impossible_task. But

Mezzofanti was tested by critics, and they were all impressed.

Did Mezzofanti have an extraordinary brain? Or are hyper－polyglots just ordinary people with ordinary brains who manage to do something extraordinary through hard work?

US linguist(语言学家) Stephen Krashen believes that outstanding language learners just work harder at it and then they acquire unusually strong language ability. As an example, he mentions a Hungarian woman who worked as an interpreter during the 20th century. When she was 86, she could speak 16 languages and was still working on learning new languages. She said she learned them mostly on her own, reading fiction or working through dictionaries or textbooks.

Some researchers argue to the contrary. They believe that there is such a thing as a talent for learning languages. In the 1930s, a German scientist examined parts of the preserved brain of a hyper－polyglot named Emil Krebs, who could speak 60 languages fluently. The scientist found that the area of Krebs' brain called Boca's area, which is associated with language，looked different from the Boca's area in the brains of men who speak only one language. However, we still don't know if Krebs was born with a brain ready to learn dozens of languages or if his brain adapted to the demands he put on it.

Although it is still not clear whether the ability to learn many languages is born，there's no doubt that just about all of us can acquire skills in a second, third, or even fourth language by putting our mind to it.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些会讲多种语言的人，并探讨了关于掌握多种语言的能力是否是天生的这一话题。

5．What does the underlined sentence imply? A．Mezzofanti could remember 360 words a day. B．Mezzofanti had a special way to learn languages. C．Mezzofanti's achievement was ridiculous. D．Mezzofanti's language ability was astonishing.