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2018新人教版八年级上册英语单元语法及知识点归纳
Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?
【重点语法】
不定代词:不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。 用法注意:
1. some 和any +可数名/不可数名。
some 多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句 。有些问句中用some,不用any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。
2. 由some, any, no, every 与 body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时,其谓语动词用三单。 3. 不定代词若有定语修饰,该定语要置于其后:如:something interesting 【重点短语】
1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来……
3. nothing...but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有 4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来
5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地 6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事 8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事
10. start doing sth. 开始做某事=begin doing sth.
11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 区分: stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
14. so + adj + that + 从句 如此……以至于…… 16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要) 做某事 17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事
18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 【词语辨析】
1. take a photo/ take photos 拍照 quite a few+名词复数 “许多…”
2. seem + 形容词 看起来…... You seem happy today. seem + to do sth. 似乎/好像做某事 I seem to have a cold It seems + 从句 似乎..…. It seems that no one believe you. seem like ... 好像,似乎….. It seems like a good idea. 3. arrive in +大地点= get to= reach+地点名 “到达......” arrive at +小地点
(注:若后跟地点副词here/there/home, 介词需省略,如: arrive here; get home) 4. feel like sth 感觉像… feel doing sth. 想要做某事
5. wonder(想知道)+疑问词(who, what, why)引导的从句。 6. because of +名/代/V-ing because+从句
He can’t take a walk because of the rain.
I don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive. 7. enough +名词 足够的…... 形容词/副词+enough
Unit2 How often do you exercise?
【重点语法】
1. 频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, never
频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中。 2.“次数”的表达方法
一次 once, 两次twice,三次或三次以上:基数词+ times, 如:three times, five times, 3. how often“多久一次”问频率,回答常含有频率词组或短语。 常见的how疑问词: 1)How soon 多久(以后)
—How soon will he be back?他多久能回来? —He will be back in a month. 他一个月后能回来。 2)how long “多久”
—How long did it take you to clean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久? —It took me half an hour to clean the house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。 3)How many+名复 How much+不可名
“多少” 问数量(how much 还可问价格) 【重点短语】
1. go to the movies 去看电影 2. look after = take care of 照顾 3. surf the internet 上网
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式 5. go skate boarding 去划板
6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康 7. eating habits 饮食习惯
8. take more exercise 做更多的运动 9. the same as 与什么相同 10. be different from 不同 11. once a month一月一次 12. twice a week一周两次
13.make a difference to 对......有影响/作用 14. most of the students=most students 15. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物 16. be good for 对......有益 17. be bad for 对......有害
18. come home from school放学回家 19. of course = certainly = sure 当然 20. get good grades 取得好成绩 21. keep/be in good health 保持健康 22. take a vacation 去度假 【词语辨析】
1. maybe / may be
maybe 是副词,意为“大概, 可能,或许”,一般用于句首。May be是情态动词,意为“可能是...,也许是...,大概是...”. The baby is crying. Maybe she is hungry. The woman may be a teacher. 2. a few / few / a little / little a few (少数的,几个,一些) few (很少的,几乎没有的) 修饰可数名词
a little (一点儿,少量) little (很少的,几乎没有的) 修饰不可数名词
表示肯定 表示否定
People can live to 100, but few people can live to 150. There is little time left. I won’t catch the first bus. Could you give me a little milk? 3. hard / hardly
hard作形容词,意为“困难的,艰苦的,硬的”;作副词,意为“努力地,猛烈地”。hardly为副词,意为“几乎不”。 The ground is too hard to dig. I can hardly understand them.
It’s raining hard. The people can hardly go outside.
4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .
as for...意思是“至于;关于”,+名词、代词或动词的-ing形式(即动名词)。 如: As for him,I never want to see him here. 至于他,我永远不希望在这里见到。 As for the story,you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事,你最好不要相信。 5. That sounds interesting.
这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound(听起来),look(看起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(觉得),seem(好象),grow(变得),get(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。如: It tastes good. 这味道好。
The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。 The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。 6. percent 名词,意为“百分之……”
百分数的表示方法:基数+ percent (不用复数形式),percent做主语时,谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定。 50%:fifty percent 百分之五十
Fifty percent of the apples are bad. 50%的苹果都坏了。 Twenty percent of the meat is in the fridge. 20%的肉都在冰箱
7. not… at all 意为“一点也不”,not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。 The story isn’t interesting at all. 那个故事一点也没有趣。 8. It is + adj. to do sth. 做某事是……的。
It is interesting to play computer games. 玩电脑很有趣。 9. take, spend, pay
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 意为“花费某人……时间来做某事”。 人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 on sth. “买某物花了……钱”。 人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 (in) doing“花费多少时间来做某事”。 pay 的主语必须是人,而“花钱买某物”为pay...for...
10. however 副词,意为“然而,可是”,表示转折关系,可放在句首、句中、句末。
Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
【重点语法】
1. 形容词和副词的比较等级 (1)形容词和副词的原形就是原级 (2)比较级,表示较……或更…… (3)最高级, 表示最...。 2. 比较级句型:
(1)A + be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B “A比B更……”(注意:A与B必须是同级的,即必须是人与人,物与物进行对比)
(2)“A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B”表示“A比B…” (3)比较A ,B两人/两事物问其中哪一个较…...时用句型: “Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比较级,A or B ?” Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary? 3. 比较级的特殊用法
(1)“比较级+and+比较级”,意为“越来越”。多音节比较级用“more and more+原级” (2)“the+比较级(…), the+比较级(…)”意思是:”越…越…”The more, the better. (3)主+ is + the 形容词比较级+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较......的” 4. 两者在某一方面相同: A+谓语动词/be动词+as+ adj./adv.原级+ as+ B. Helen is as tall as Amy. Peter studies as hard as Tom.
表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时,用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as” I am not as tall as my sister. 5. 形容词,副词比较级前的修饰语。
当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时,可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比较级。注意: 比较级不能用very, so, too, quite等修饰。 【重点短语】
1. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗 2. as...as...与…… 一样
3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛 4. the most important 最重要的
5. be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋 6. the same as 与……相同 7. care about 关心/留意/关注 8. be different from 与…...不同 9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子 10. as long as 只要;与…...一样长 11. bring out 显示/显出
12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩 13. reach for 伸手达到/达到 14. touch one’s heart 感动 15. in fact 事实上 16. make friends 交朋友 17. be good at 在某方面成绩好 18. the other 另一个
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