基于单片机的汽车油门防误踩系统研究报告

基于单片机的汽车油门防误踩

系统研究报告

设计者：唐洋、田恬、陈鹏、潘迪

指导老师：王起明 学院：机电工程学院

摘 要

本文介绍了基于AT89S52单片机控制防止误踩汽车油门的系统的设计。利用角速度传感器、超声波距离传感器、LCD1602液晶显示屏、继电器控制电路、AT89S52单片机等组成此设计的硬件部分。角速度传感器和超声波距离传感器将采集到的角速度数据和距离数据传送给AT89S52单片机，单片机再对接收到的数据进行处理和判断，将处理的结果传送LCD1602液晶显示屏上显示，并且控制外围器件，电子油门开关和汽车刹车部分，同时通过声光报警进行警示，实现此设计的完全功能。

关键词：数据采集系统；角速度；距离；AT89S2；汽车

目 录

摘要·······························································2 第一章 绪论·······················································4

课题的背景·················································4 研究意义···················································4 国内外研究现状·············································4 第二章 关键技术···················································6

汽车安全状态的确定·········································6 车前障碍物信息的获取·······································6 误踩油门判定方法···········································6 误踩油门踏板角速度信息的检测和判断···················7 前方障碍物距离的检测和判断··························7 第三章 系统总体方案设计··········································9

系统总体方案··············································9 系统运转流程图············································9 第四章 系统的分模块设计·········································11

系统硬件设计·············································11 电源电路设计·············································11 角速度传感器模块·········································12 超声波距离传感器模块·····································13 AT89S52单片机模块·······································15 显示模块·················································21 报警模块·················································23 第五章 调试及性能分析············································25 参考文献·························································27 附录·····························································28

第一章 绪论

课题的背景

据新闻报道，2013年4月28日上午7时45分，在小区停车场停车入位时，女司机王某误将油门当刹车踩下，将一名老人撞死；2012年5月8日20时36分许，肇事司机肖某某驾驶客车，其在采取制动措施时误踩油门，使车辆加速行驶造成交通事故，致4车连撞，包括张丽莉老师在内的5名师生受伤；2012年6月22日下午，肇事司机李培林驾驶机动车操作不当制动时误踩油门，致车辆超速驶入对向非机动车道，与一自行车队相撞，造成４人当场死亡、１人经抢救无效死亡，３人受伤......一系列的因司机误踩油门而发生的交通事故不断给我们敲响警钟！

研究意义

在机动车停车场入停车位时，因停车位空间狭小，司机视野受限，同时司机误踩油门导致发生事故。机动车在道路上行驶时，一旦发生紧急情况，很多司机尤其是新手司机由于紧张容易将油门误当做刹车踩下而不能制动，导致事故。由此可见，很多交通意外都是由于误踩油门所致，所以我们设计了这一套基于单片机的汽车油门防误踩系统，希望能够解决这一问题。

国内外研究现状

近年来，油门误踩检测设备备受重视。本文列举两例论述。

国内，北京科技大学的尹怡欣教授设计出一套基于旋转编码器的汽车油门误踩检测装置。该装置在油门踏板联动轴上安装旋转编码器，用于检测油门踏板的下踩速度和到达位置，利用车辆的速度信号，检测车辆的加速度。在油门踏板的下踩速度和到达位置超过阀值时，认为油门踏板误踩，信号处理单元将信号置为高电平输出。其中，信号处理单元由单片机STC12C5A60S2实现。实验