English grammar terms often used 英语语法常用词语

English grammar terms often used 英语语法常用词语

1．Parts of speech 词类

noun 名词 pronoun 代词 numeral 数词 adjective 形容词 verb 动词 adverb副词 article 冠词 preposition介词 conjunction连词 interjection感叹词 particle 小品词 2. Word building 构词法

conversion 转化 derivation 派生 affixation词缀法 prefix前缀 suffix后缀 compound words 合成词

3．Classification of nouns 名词的分类

common nouns普通名词 proper nouns 专有名词

individual nouns个体名词 collective nouns 集合名词 material nouns 物质名词 abstract nouns 抽象名词 countable nouns 可数名词 uncountable nouns不可数名词

the singular form 单数形式 the plural form 复数形式 the common case 普通格 the possessive case 所有格 the subjective case 主格 the objective case 宾格

person 人称 third person singular 第三人称单数

4. Classification of pronouns 代词的分类

personal pronouns 人称代词 possessive pronouns 物主代词

self pronouns 反身代词 demonstrative pronouns 指示代词 interrogative pronouns 疑问代词 conjunctive pronouns 连接代词 relative pronouns 关系代词 reciprocal pronouns 相互代词 indefinite pronouns 不定代词 5．数词、形容词、冠词

cardinal numerals 基数词 ordinal numerals 序数词

fractional numerals 分数词 the comparative degree 比较级 the superlative degree 最高级 The definite article 定冠词 the indefinite article 不定冠词 6．Classification of verbs 动词的分类

national verbs 实义动词 link-verbs系动词

auxiliary verbs助动词 modal verbs 情态动词 transitive verbs 及物动词 intransitive verbs 不及物动词 regular verbs 规则动词 irregular verbs 不规则动词 the present forms 现在式 the past forms 过去式

the participle 分词 the present participle现在分词 the past participle 过去分词 the infinitive 不定式 the gerund 动名词 bare infinitive 不带to的不定式 7．Tense 时态

the present tense 一般现在时 the past tense 一般过去时

the future tense一般将来时 the past future tense一般过去将来时 the present continuous现在进行时 the past continuous 过去进行时

the future continuous 将来进行时 the past future continuous过去将来进行时 the present perfect 现在完成时 the past perfect过去完成时

the future perfect 将来完成时 the past future perfect 过去将来完成时 the present perfect continuous现在完成进行时 the future perfect continuous 将来完成进行时

the past future perfect continuous 过去将来完成进行时 8．Voice 语态、Mood 语气

the passive voice 被动语态 the active voice 主动语态 the indicative mood 陈述语气 the imperative mood 祈使语气 the subjunctive mood 虚拟语气

9．Classification of adverbs 副词的分类

adverbs of place 地点副词 adverbs of time 时间副词 adverbs of degree程度副词 adverbs of manner 方式副词 adverbs of frequency频度副词 relative adverbs 关系副词 interrogative adverbs 疑问副词 conjunctive adverbs连接副词 10． Members of the sentence 句子成分

the subject 主语 the predicate 谓语 the predicative 表语 the object 宾语

the attribute 定语 the adverbial 状语 the appositive 同位语 independent elements 独立成分 the direct object 直接宾语 the indirect object 间接宾语 parenthesis 插入语

the double possessive 双重所有格 the formal subject/object 形式主语/宾语 subject complement 主语补足语 object complement 宾语补足语 11．Classification of sentences句子的分类

declarative sentences 陈述句 imperative sentences 祈使句 exclamatory sentences感叹句 interrogative sentences 疑问句 general questions 一般疑问句 special questions 特殊疑问句 alternative questions选择疑问句 disjunctive questions 反意疑问句 tap questions 附加疑问句 simple sentences 简单句 compound sentences 复合句 complex sentences 并列句

elliptical sentences 省略句 phrase 短语 preposition phrases 介词短语 infinitive phrases 不定式短语 the question word 疑问词 12．Clauses 从句

main clauses 主句 subject clauses 主语从句

object clauses宾语从句 direct speech 直接引语 indirect speech 间接引语 predicate clauses 谓语从句 predicative clauses 表语从句 attributive clauses定语从句

restrictive attributive clauses 限定性定语从句 the antecedent 先行词non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限定性定语从句

appositive clauses同位语从句 adverbial clauses状语从句

adverbial clauses of

time/ place / cause / condition / degree / result / concession / purpose / comparison /manner 时间/地点/原因/条件/程度/结果/让步/目的/比较/方式状语从句 sentences

of real condition真实条件句 sentences of unreal condition 虚拟条件句 natural word-order 自然语序 inverted word-order 倒装语序

full inversion 完全倒装 partial inversion 部分倒装 ellipsis 省略 transformation of sentences 句型转换 analysis of sentences 句子分析

13. Punctuation 标点符号

period/full stop 句号 comma 逗号 semicolon分号

colon 冒号 dash 破折号 hyphen连字号 brackets 括号 question mark 问号

quotation marks 引号 apostrophe 省略号 14．The pronunciation of English 英语发音

international phonetic国际音标 the sounds of English 英语语音 vowels 元音 pure vowels 单元音 diphthongs 双元音 semi-vowel 半元音 consonants 辅音 nasal 鼻音

plosive 爆破音 fricative磨擦音 affricate 破擦音 voiced sounds浊音 voiceless 清音

length mark 长音符号 stress 重读 main stress 主重读音节 secondary stress 次重读音节 unstressed 非重读音节

rhythm 节奏 intonation 语调 a level pitch 平调 rising tune 升调 falling tune 降调