机械工程专业英语复习资料

21. 强度

Strength of metals is their ability to resist deformation or changing shape when exrernal forces are applied.

22.Shear strength is lower than tensile strength in virtually all metals. 几乎所有的金属的抗拉强度低于抗压强度。 23. 拉伸试验

The tensile strength is to determine tensile strength, metal specimens are \a machine called a tensile tester until they break. 24. 硬度

Hardness is generally defined as the resistance to penetration or indentation. 25. 脆性

A material that will mot deform plastically under a load is said to be brittle. 26.冲击韧性

Notch toughness, also called impact strength, is the ability of a metal to resist rupture from impact loading when there is a notch or stress raiser present.

27.If, elastic range, the unit stress is divided by the corresponnding unit strain at any given point, the result will be the modulus of elasticity for that material，it called Elasticity Modulus，it also called Young’s Modulus .

在弹性范围内，金属材料任意点的单位应力比上单位应变，等于弹性模量，也称杨氏模量。 28. 蠕变

Creep is a continuing plastic flow at a stress below the yield strength of a metal. 29.金属疲劳

Metal fatigue can occur when metal parts are subjected to repeated loading and unloading, particularly in cyclic reversals of stress, such as is seen in a rotating shaft having transverse or one-side loading.

例如：中国的矿产和丰富。 China is rich in minerals. 30.这种物体的输入阻抗很低。

This object is very low input impedance.

31.这个国家的工业很落后，根本没有重工业。

The country's industry is lagging behind, there is no heavy industry. 32.这台200千瓦的发电机的满载效率是93%。

The 200 kilowatt generator has an efficiency of 93% at full cood. 33.刚和铸铁的含碳量各不相同。

Stell and cast iron differ in content of carbon . 34.这两种金属的性能差别很大。

This two meterials differ in properties . 35.这个城市的交通很发达。 The city's traffic is developed.

36.A mechanism is a device which transforms motion to some desirable pattern and typically develops very low forces and transmits little power. 机构是一根某种需要的模式变换运动的装置。

37.A machine typically contains mechanisms which are designed to provide significant forces and

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transmits significant power.

机器通常包含一些用于力和传递有效功率的机构。 38.mechanism（机构）：A system of elements arranged to transmit motion in a predetermined fashion.

39. Machines（机器）：A system of elements arranged to transmit motion and energy in a predetermined fashion.

40.The design and manufacture of these gears is really a remarkable accomplishment. 齿轮的设计制造是一个伟大的成就。

41.Spur gears are used to transmit rotary motion between parallel shafts ; they are usually cylindrical in shape ,and the teeth are straight and parallel to the axis of rotation.

直齿轮用于传递平行轴间的旋转运动；直齿轮一般为圆柱形，其轮齿为直线型且平行于轴线。

42.The pitch circle is a theoretical circle. 节圆是一个理论圆。 43.周节

The circular pitch (p) is the distance ,measured on the pitch circle ,from a point on one tooth to a corresponding point on an adjacent tooth. 44.模数

The module (m) is the ratio of the pitch diameter to the number of teeth. 45.经节

The diametral pitch (P) is he ratio of the number of teeth on the gear to the pitch diameter. 46.齿顶高

The addendum (a) is the radial distance between the top land and the pitch circle. 47. 齿根高

The addendum (b) is the radial distance from the bottom land to the pitch circle. E.g.:只要知道电压和电流就能够确定电阻。

Knowing the voltage and current，We can determine the resistance. 48.装配和调试时应把所有零件摆放好。

Assembling and testing should be put all the parts in place. 49.必须承认没有绝对刚性的结构物。

Must be admitted that there is no absolute rigid structures. 50.在设计中会结合所有这些学科。

In the design will combine all of these disciplines. 51.熔焊所需的热可有几种方法产生。

Welding the required heat can have several methods of generating.

52.只有对生产过程有很多的检验和了解才能更好地掌握生产制图的各个阶段。

Only the production process has a lot of inspection and understanding in order to better grasp the drawing of the various stages of production.

53.有足够的石油来满足中国未来几十年的需要。

Have enough oil to meet the needs of Chinese future a few years.

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一、词汇 （20分）（每个题目为2分） 1：把下列英文单词翻译成中文： (1) threshold

参考答案：开端，开始 (2) graphics terminal 参考答案：图像终端

(3) a translate command 参考答案：平移指令

(4) construction robotics

参考答案：建筑（结构）机器人 (5) a power-driven device 参考答案：力驱动装置

2：把下列中文词组翻译成英文： (6) 热加工

参考答案：hot working (7) 非正常晶体生长

参考答案：abnormal grain growth (8)再结晶

参考答案：recrystallization (9) 机械效益

参考答案：mechanical advantage (10)力放大器

参考答案： a force multiplier 二、句型 （20分）（每个题目为4分）（翻译的内容，达到意思一致即算正确） 请将下列英文句子翻译成中文 （1）Efficiency and mechanical advantage are used to gauge the performance of mechanical machine .

参考答案：效率和机械效益是用来检测机械装置的工作性能的。

（2）Methods of extracting , producing and treating metals are being developed all the time to meet engineering requirements .

参考答案：为了满足工程需要，提炼、生产和处理金属的方法一直处于发展进步之中。 (3) The common metallic materials possess the metallic properties of luster , thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity ；are relatively ductile； and some have good magnetic properties .

参考答案：常见的金属材料拥有的金属性能如：光泽、导热性和导电性，并且有较好的延展性，此外，还有一些金属材料具有好的磁性。

(4) It is their plasticity at certain temperatures , which gives plastics their

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main advantage over many other materials .

参考答案：一定温度下的塑料的塑性，使得塑料相对其他材料而言，具有的主要的优势。 （5） Die life and die failure are greatly affected by the mechanical properties of the die materials under the conditions that exit in a given deformation process . 参考答案：在给定的成型工艺下，模具材料的机械性能对模具寿命和模具损坏有很大的影响。 三、段落：（40分）

（1）Although the four—bar linkage and slider—crank mechanism are very useful and found in thousands of applications , we can see that these linkages have limited performance level . Linkages with more members are often used in more demanding circumstances . However it is often difficult to visualize the movement of a multiloop linkage , especially when other components appear in the same diagram . The first step in the motion analysis of more complicated mechanisms is to sketch the equivalent kinematic or skeleton diagram . The skeleton diagram serves a purpose similar to that of the electrical schematic or circuit diagram in that it displays only the essential skeleton of the mechanism , which , however , embodies the key dimensions that affect its motion .

参考答案（满分20分）（翻译的内容，达到意思一致即算正确）：虽然四杆机构和曲柄-滑块机构的用途很大，但是我们还是可以发现，这些机构的实际操作水平还是有限的。机构的构件越多，机构的用途也就越大。人们很难直观地想象出多环链连杆机构的运动情况，尤其是当其它的运动构件也出现在同一个运动简图中的时候。对比较复杂的机构进行运动分析的第一步骤是：绘制出和原运动相一致的结构示意图。这个结构示意图所起的作用和电路图比较相似，旨在表达机构的必须构架，这些必须的构架可以体现出影响机构运动的一些关键尺寸。 （2）The industrial robot is a tool that is used in the manufacturing environment to increase productivity . It can be used to do routine and tedious assembly line job , or it can perform jobs that might be hazardous to the human worker . For example , one of the first industrial robots was used to replace the nuclear fuel rods in nuclear power plants . A human doing this job might be exposed to armful amounts of radiation . The industrial robot can also operate on the assembly line , putting together small components , such as placing electronic components on a printed circuit board . Thus , the human worker can be relieved of the routing operation of this tedious task . 参考答案（满分20分）（翻译的内容，达到意思一致即算正确）：工业机器人是一个用来提高生产效率的工具。它可被用于执行一些枯燥又乏味的生产线流水作业，或是用于执行一些对于生产工人来说是比较危险（或：有危害）的工作。比如：第一批工业机器人中的一些机器人就是被用于更换核电站的核燃料棒的。如果工人来执行这项工作，就会暴露于有害的核辐射之中。工业机器人还可以用来操作生产流水线工作，组装小部件，比如：更换印刷电路板上的电子器件。这样的话，工人就可以免于从事这样一些乏味枯燥的流水线操作了。 四、英文写作能力（20分） 说明：请在以下两个题目中任意选择一个作为写作对象，要求文章不少于120字，英文流畅，无错误拼写和语法错误，用词要规范，两个题目重复写不加分。 （1）简要介绍你对目前所学（机械制造）专业的认识； （2）根据你对词组“CAD”、“CAM”的理解和认识，把它们组织成一篇短文，要求前后文

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