题库所有244道Issue题目的写作提纲

238. \ 一致几乎总是阻隔个人的创造力和活力。

1. Whether conformity stifles individual energy depends on the individual person involved.

2. Conformists find enhanced energy in certain corner of the business world as well, particularly in traditional service

industries such as finance, accounting, insurance, legal services, and health care.

3. In sharp contrast, other people are nonconformists by nature. For these people a highly structured, bureaucratic

environment only serves to quell motivation and energy.

4. As for whether conformity stifles individual creativity, one need only look around at the individuals whom we consider

highly creative to conclude that this is indeed the case. 统一和分歧

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239. \information referred to as a 'fact' should be mistrusted since it may well be proven false in the future.\

大多数人们认为是事实的信息结果实际上都是不准确的。因此，任何据称是事实的信息都应该被质疑，因为它在将来很可能会被证明为是错误的。

1. On the one hand, we should not passively accept whatever is passed off as fact; otherwise, human knowledge would

never advance.

2. On the other hand, in certain cases undue skepticism can be counterproductive and even harmful. 权威问题

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240. \negative feedback.\

尽管对其他的个人或者群体的成就作积极的反应很容易，但是给与负面的回应往往更有价值。

Encouragement proves more valuable than negative feedback.

1. People may not be as good as we tell them they are, but they will try harder thereafter. 2. Encouragement can make people happy and confident.

3. Admittedly, honest negative feedback may help people see their weakness. 良药苦口利于病。 ------------------------------

第三类 教育

5. \schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer.\

一个国家应该要求所有的学生在进入大学之前都学习由国家统一制定的课程，而不是允许由国家不同地区的学校去决定课程的安排。 反对

1. On the one hand, a national curriculum contributes to preserving a unified national culture and national cohesion. 2. Furthermore, a general curriculum decided by authority rather than by local schools avoids limiting students to a

narrow scope of knowledge too early.

3. On the other hand, in a multi-cultural society, different ethnic communities should be given the opportunity to preserve

and promote their traditional cultures.

4. It’s beneficial to grant local schools the freedom to offer students some elective courses, which can help the school to

build its unique culture charisma.

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32. \related fields in the world outside of school. For example, entry-level teachers in mathematics and in the arts should receive the same pay, even if outside of school, math specialists earn a much higher salary on average than do specialists in the arts.\

不管在校园外不同领域之间薪水的差异有多大，学校对于所有学科老师的待遇应该是一视同仁的。比如，低年级的数学和美术老师应该享有同样的收入，即便在校外，数学专家的收入一般是要比艺术家高得多。

1. The salary rate a teacher receives should be related not to his/ her discipline but his/her effort and contribution to the

educational course.

2. Absolutely identical rate is unfair. Teachers of some disciplines have to assume more harsh work under worse

circumstances.

3. If the differences in salaries for related fields in the world outside of school or college are dismissed, schools and

colleges may have to face the loss of its staff. 孤立的校园 ---------------------

34. \humanities to the physical and biological sciences--colleges and universities should allow students to enroll only in those courses that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields. Such concentration is necessary in today's increasingly work-oriented society.\

与其要求学生们选修各种各样的学科----从艺术和人文科学到物理和生物科学----大学还不如允许学生们仅仅去选择那些有助于他们今后工作的学科。这种集中在当今这个工作至上的社会是必要的。

1. To begin with, schools should attach enough importance to courses that can help students prepare for jobs in their

chosen fields.

2. However, work-oriented courses is never incompatible with other courses such as arts, humanities and the like, which

also play an important role in one career success.

3. Inter-disciplinary study is crucial for the improvement of either discipline.

4. Though courses of a wide range of disciplines should be made compulsory, sufficient freedom should be granted to

students. 学科

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39. \studying and reading on their own for four years than by pursuing a university or college degree.\

大学学习的好处被过分的高估了：大多数人如果通过研究和阅读的方式自学四年的话，会比追求一个大学学位学到的更多。

Disagree

1. Schools offer systematical curriculum, qualified staff, libraries, facilities and so on, which are not available to

individuals who study on their own.

2. Studying with peers arouses competition and cooperation. Compulsory studies avoids laziness. 3. Qualified degrees help get a job offer more easily.

4. However, degree does not mean everything. It is just a symbol. Even if you have a college degree, you still have to

work hard in order achieve career success. 大学和自学 --------------

50. \time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.\

为了改善大学的教学质量，所有的教员都应该被要求花一定时间到学术领域以外去参加和他们所教科目相关的工作。

Position:

Working experience in relevant professions enables college and university faculty to offer practical instruction to students.

1. First, faculty who are actively engaged in their fields come to class with fresh insights and contagious excitement

about the issue at hand.

2. Secondly, by keeping abreast with the changing demands of work as a professional, professors can help students who

are serious about pursuing a career in that field to make more informed career decisions.

3. Thirdly, experience in the field can help a professor ferret out cutting-edge and controversial issues—which might be

appropriate subjects for research and publication.

4. However, the teachers in some disciplines such as mathematics, literature, history, philosophy, etc., may find it difficult

to combine their teaching with relevant professional fields. ----------------

51. \student.\

教育只有被专门设计来满足每一个学生个人需求和兴趣的时候才是真正有效率的。

Student-oriented education is the most effective way to help students learn.

1. The traditional teacher-oriented education often neglects the individual needs and interests of each student, which

proves counterproductive.

2. Student-oriented education can most effectively involve individual students in the learning process. 3. Nonetheless, winking at students’ unreasonable desires would only result in chaos in education. 少数和多数 -------------------

52. \ 教育鼓励学生们提出问题和进行批判，这样做的结果无助于促进社会的和谐。

Encouraging students to question and criticize does not necessarily harm social harmony.

1. Social harmony hinges on mutual understanding among members of the society, which is achieved through active

communication rather than passive conformity.

2. The ability to challenge existing authorities and paradigms requires intensive training through education.

3. Encouraging students to question and criticize helps students not only to learn more productively but also become

qualified citizens that will be able to actively participate in social affairs. 教育问题 --------------

53. \ 大学教育应该对所有学生免费，由政府来全额资助。 Agree

1. Investment in education is always a wise choice for a nation.

2. The amount of money needed by universities is only a small percent of a nation’s Gross Domestic Product, and will

surely be compensated by the graduates in the future through the way of income taxation.

3. Proving all students with higher education puts them on equal footing with each other when they enter society—a

precondition of equal opportunity for all members of society. 奖学金

----------------------

55. \ 追求高分严重的限制了教育各阶段的学习质量。

Competition among students for higher grades does not necessarily have a negative impact on the quality of learning. 1. Admittedly, if education aims solely at cramming students for exams, the quality of learning will undoubtedly

deteriorate.

2. However, examinations do help students review their lessons and master what they have learned. 3. Furthermore, the psychological pressure that competition exerts on students is not always harmful. 分数

-------------------------- 67.

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78. \wars, cultural clashes, and other forms of conflict.\

学校应该被要求去教授存在于所有人之间的重要联系，这样做可以消灭战争、文化冲突和其他形式的纷争。

1. Human beings share many common interests and values, the awareness of which would contribute to intercultural

understanding and cooperation.

2. Realizing the differences between different cultures would help different peoples of the world communicate with each

other more effectively.

3. Considering the growing threat of cultural imperialism in this information age, it might be more urgent for schools to

give more emphasis on cultural differences. 分歧和统一 -------------------------

80. \ 所有的学生都应该被要求去学习科学课程，即使他们对科学毫无兴趣。

Taking courses in the sciences benefits not only students in the sciences but also students in humanities. 1. The research methods in the sciences can be applied to the studies of humanities.

2. Students of humanities and social sciences may bring fresh and constructive perspectives and viewpoints to natural

science classes.

3. Some knowledge of the sciences is a must for everyone living in an age in which science and technology play a

dominant role.