初中英语定语从句讲解、练习与答案

定语从句

一、语法 定语从句

（一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

结构：先行词+关系代词+定语从句

先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

关系代词：关系代词代替先行词，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词的使用由先行词决定，

和关系代词无关。

1.who指人，在从句中做主语

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)

4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，某人的。 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. 注：只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

(a) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which (b)。先行词有the only ,the last,修饰时，只用that。

(c) 先行词为序数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which (d)。先行词既有人，又有物时。. 举例：

Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

（三）、关系副词引导定语从句

关系副词 关系副词=介词+关系代词

where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

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when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用

(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.

三、练习

练习一

（一） 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。 1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago. 2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.

3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there. 4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her. 5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day. 6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us. 7. The man was my uncle. The man waved to us.

8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week. 9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science. 10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor. （二） 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1. The house _______ we live in is very big.

2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday. 4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer. 5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited. 6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him. 7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class. 8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children. 9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived? 练习二 一、单项填空

1. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher? ---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.

A. he B. that C. whom D. which

2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where 3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom

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4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which 5. This is the place _____I have ever visited.

A. there B. when C. where D. which

10. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which

11. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where 12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.

A. in which B. that C. whose D. where

13. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where 14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.

A. that B. which C. when D. where 23. Is this factory ______ you worked at?

A. the one B. which C. that D. where 24. Is this the factory _______ you worked?

A. where B. which C. that D. the one

25. ---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees? ---Yes, he does.

A. which B. whose C. where D. who

26. The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that

27. ---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday? ---He has gone back to Qinghua University.

A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 28. I hate people _______ talk much but do little.

A. whose B. whom C. which D. who 29. Do you know a boy ______ sister is a nurse in a hospital? A. who B. that C. whom D. whose 二、填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子

1. The boys________ are playing football are from Class One.

2. Those ______ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow. 3. Mr Liu is the person ________ you talked about on the bus. 4. The professor ________ you are waiting for has come. 5. Football is a game _______is liked by most boys.

6. He likes to read books ________ are written by foreign writers. 7. This is the pen _______ he bought yesterday.

8. We’ll go to hear the famous singer _______ we have often talked. 9. Where is the man _________ I saw this morning?

11. I visited a scientist ________ name is known all over the country. 12. He has a friend ______ father is a doctor. 16. Shanghai is the city ______ I was born.

17. The house ______ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 23. The school ______ he once studied is very famous.

24. Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine _______ you asked.

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练习一答案

(一) 1. The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.

2. The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is a professor.

3. Beijing Hotel where the foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square. 4. The woman whom you were talking bout is here now. 5. This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day. 6. The car just passed us was going 90 miles. 7. The man who waved to us was my uncle.

8. I enjoyed reading the book that you gave me last week. 9. The subject that I prefer is science. 10. I spoke to the man who is a professor.

（二） 1. which/ that 2. who/ that 3. that/ which 4. who/ that 5. that

6. that 7. which 8. that/ which 9. where 10. when 练习二答案

一、单项填空 1-5 BACAD 6-10 CCACC 11-15 DBDDB 16-20 CDDCC 21-25 DBAAD 26-30 DBDDD 二、填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子

1. who 2. who 3. whom 4. whom 5. which 6. which 7. which 8. about whom 9. whom 10. which 11. whose 12. whose 13. whose 14. when 15. when 16. where 17. where 18. why 19. why 20. that 21. whom 22. which 23. where 24. that 25. whom 练习三答案

1-5 CACDA 6-10 DCBAC 11-15 DDDCD 16-20 CBABC 21-25 BCACC 26-30 CDDCC 31-35 DBCAB 36-40 DBBAB 41-45 BCABA 46-50 DACBD 51-55 BDBAC 56-60 ABDAD 61-65 CADDA 66-70 DBACD

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