2014年上海长宁区嘉定区高考英语二模试题（附答案）

III. Reading Comprehension Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Archaeologists are scientists who search for clues that help form a clearer picture of the lives people led in the past. Archaeology is a modern science, but it has been ___51___ for centuries. More than 2,400 years ago, the Greek historian Herodotus described the Egyptian pyramids and other monuments. He may have been the first writer to consider that remains and ___52___ could provide information for ___53___ generations. For more than a thousand years, however, such ___54___ were observers rather than researchers.

In the 1700s, scientists and adventurers from a variety of countries traveled ___55___ to explore ancient sites. Digs that are still ___56___ began in 1709 at Herculaneum, an Italian city buried in ash during the explosion of Mount Vesuvius in A. D. 79. The Danish scholar Carsten Niebuhr visited the ruins of Persepolis in the Middle East in 1765 to study cuneiform writing (楔形文字). ___57___, archaeology didn’t become a widely recognized science and schools didn’t recognize the subject as a scholarly pursuit until the 19th century. The term itself was ___58___ in 1837. It comes from a Latin word meaning “the study of antiquities (古物).” One of the first archaeologists to use a scientific approach to the discipline was Heinrich Schliemann of Germany, who in the late 1800s ___59___ the ancient civilization of the city of Troy.

Today, archaeologists uncover the past in many different ___60___, including deserts and jungles, at sites called digs. Ancient sources, folk tales, and landscape features can suggest where archaeologists should look. Surveys of the land help them choose sites ___61___ to provide artifacts, the objects that will unlock the story of a particular people — their daily lives, their beliefs, and their ties to other cultures. A site, however, does not have to be old to be interesting to an archaeologist. Some prefer to study more ___62___ settlements. One scientist, for instance, studies coal mining camps in California by examining the garbage that miners ___63___. Archaeologists may work for universities, museums or governments, and some of them are involved in educating the public about ___64___ ancient sites. Artifact hunters who are ___65___ history rob these places and sell what they find for a few dollars to immoral dealers in antiquities.

51. A. adventuring B. changing C. digging D. evolving 52. A. books B. history C. ruins D. science 53. A. lost B. later C. older D. several 54. A. inventors B. scholars C. visitors D. writers 55. A. extensively B. nationwide C. regularly D. together 56. A. in progress B. in good condition C. on display D. out of control 57. A. Besides B. However C. Instead D. Meanwhile 58. A. coined B. considered C. recognized D. used 59. A. created B. developed C. established D. investigated 60. A. countries B. fields C. locations D. ways 61. A. certain B. likely C. ready D. necessary 62. A. honorable B. peaceful C. rural D. recent 63. A. gave away B. gave off C. left behind D. left out

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64. A. choosing B. examining C. studying D. protecting 65. A. aware of B. fed up with C. ignorant of D. familiar with

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

When my old dog developed major health problems, I knew that watching him fail would be painful, but I wasn’t prepared for the powerful lessons he’d offer in the last year of his life.

Chance was 14 when the problems started. First, he developed a cancer that left him whistling for breath. Then came cataracts (白内障) in both eyes, arthritis (关节炎) in his legs, and a series of ministrokes (小中风) that threw off his balance. Any one of these misfortunes would have left me begging for relief, but Chance became calmer as the disabilities piled up.

When leg pain left him frozen on the floor, unable to rise for a quick pat as I came home, he didn’t complain. He just lay there patiently, signaling me with his hammering tail, each movement spelling out the value of waiting for the things you want. When his cataracts made steering impossible after dark, he’d stand calmly until I could guide him inside, proving how easy it is to find happiness if you let go of your pride and insecurities and learn to lean on those who love you. When ministrokes had him walk unsteadily like a drunk, he taught the value of persistence. For days after each attack, he’d fall as he moved about. Yet again and again he’d try to walk, each day moving a few more steps until finally he was able to get outside and back by himself.

There were lessons in so much of what he did, but the key one surely was the importance of obtaining all the joy possible from each experience whether it’s a day lazing under a warm sun or a few minutes appreciating a favorite meal.

For most of our life together, Chance was always rushing ahead, searching out new adventures, then circling back to let me know what lay around the next bend. As an old dog, he did the same thing, using his attitude, instead of his once-fast legs, to show the way.

66. Chance suffered very much from all the diseases he had except for ______. A. having problem with breath B. walking around awkwardly C. having trouble drinking D. losing his eyesight in darkness

67. ______ is the most important lesson the author learned from Chance. A. Living in the present and enjoying what we have B. Learning to depend on those who we love and trust C. That we should expect good things to happen patiently

D. That we should persevere in what we believe is worth trying

68. It is implied in the passage that ______.

A. people might suffer from different diseases when they grow old B. people could face aging with courage and dignity

C. pets would become calmer for lack of energy in their last days

D. pets and masters should stick together helping each other in difficulty

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69. Which of the following words best describes the author’s feelings to Chance? A. Bitter. B. Grateful. C. Proud. D. Sympathetic.

(B) ——By 1865 MEMBERSHIP OFFICE Langham’s legend (传说) dates back to 1865, when The Langham, London opened as Europe’s first ‘Grand Hotel’. For over 140 years, this flagship hotel has been at the forefront of charming hospitality (好客). Today, all Langham properties worldwide show the same philosophy, reflecting elegance in design, innovation in hospitality, genuine serve and fascination of the senses. ABOUT 1865 1865 is our way of saying thank-you for your support to our collection of hotels. Bringing you exclusive benefits and recognition, we ensure your stay with us is especially comfortable and uniquely memorable. EXPLORER Guests who are just beginning to get to know us by staying once in our properties will be invited to become Explorer members. GATEWAY Stay 3 times at any of our properties within a 12-month period and you will be entitled to Gateway membership. VOYAGER To enrol as Voyager member, simply gather a total of 5 stays within 12 months. DESTINY This membership rank is reserved for the top 1% of Voyager members who show the highest level of commitment by staying in our superior-category rooms and suites (套房). Exclusive to a chosen few, Destiny membership is offered by invitation only. 1865 MEMBERSHIP BENEFITS AT-A-GLANCE In-room broadband Internet access Late check-out1 Personalised room preferences Personalised welcome services Upgrade to next room category2 One-way coach service3 Exclusive gift * * * (4pm) * * * (6pm) * * (one) * * * (8pm) * * (two) * * * Notes: 1. Depending on room availability 2. After becoming a Voyager member, when staying 5 or more times within a 12 month period 3. Between the city airport and the property, and valid with confirmed room booking only 4. All benefits are restricted to the registered 1865 member Remarks: Some of the above benefits do not apply to Eaton Smart, New Delhi Airport Transit Hotel. To 第 7 页 共 17 页

explore the benefits of this hotel, please visit 1865.langhamhotels.com. 70. To have a 1865 membership, guests need to ______. A. register at 1865.langhamhotel.com B. visit Langham three times in a year C. have five stays in Langham yearly D. stay in Langham properties once

71. Which of the following is true according to the given information?

A. Gateway members have 4pm late check-out priority any time they want. B. Members can get the benefits listed in the table at all Langham’s properties. C. The very first hotel of Langham collection was built in 1865 in Britain.

D. Top 1% Voyagers with super residence record can apply for Destiny membership.

72. Tony, on their honeymoon trip, wants to surprise his wife with a bunch of roses on arriving at

the hotel. Tony at least needs to have the membership of ______. A. EXPLORER B. GATEWAY C. VOYAGER D. DESTINY 73. What is the main purpose of the writing? A. To attract more potential guests. B. To share the history of Langham hotels. C. To introduce successful hotel management. D. To list Langham hotels’ exclusive benefits.

(C)

Charles Dickens’ novel A Tale of Two Cities is set in the years before and during the French Revolution (1789 - 1799). During its course, French revolutionaries brought down the empire and established a republic of free and equal citizens.

In reading the work, one sees that Dickens distorted some details of the French Revolution. At the beginning, Dickens notes that, in 1775, France was busy spending money. This mention of France’s spending touches briefly on what is perhaps the major cause of the French Revolution. Before the revolution, the government often borrowed money because it spent more than it raised in taxes. The increased spending and borrowing made many people’s blood boil, yet Dickens focused instead on the nobility’s oppression and exploitation of the working class, including peasants, as the causes of the revolution.

The Marquis, one of the book’s characters, ill-treats and kills many people. Thus, he represents the nobles who mistreat the lower classes. One reviewer criticized this picture as an unfair representation of French society in the mid-1700s. The reviewer pointed out that the government would have punished nobles who mistreated or murdered. Nobles may have been guilty of other evils, however, such as not feeding the starving masses after bad weather ruined crops in 1789.

Dickens’ account of the storming of the Bastille fails to mention that the gang that stormed the prison was looking for bullets and bombs to use in defense against a possible attack by the king’s troops. Dickens does include some accurate details, however, such as the crowd’s finding only seven prisoners and freeing them and the pack’s executing (处决) the prison administrator and sticking his head on a post. The scene that the women knit (编织) as they watch the executions may seem to be an odd detail, but actually many women did knit stockings for the war effort as they watched the killing machine at work.

Dickens’ descriptions of the steady stream of sentenced people into prison and the carts taking them to their deaths give readers some idea of the frequency with which officials jailed and executed

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