全国医学博士统一考试2001-2006

or she will be inclined to like vegetables.If mealtime is a happy and significant event,then the will tend to think of eating in those terms.And if a family eats quickly,without caring what is being eaten and while fighting at the dinner table,then the person will most likely adopt the same eating pattern and be adversely affected by it.This conditioning to food can remain unchanged through a lifetime unless the individual is awakened to the fact of conditioning and to the possible need for altering his or her eating patterns in order to improve nutritional intake.Conditioning spills over into and is often reinforced by religious beliefs and other customs so that ,for example,a Jew,whose religion forbids the eating of pork,might have guilt feeling if he or she ate pork.An older Roman Catholi might be conditioned to feel guilty if he or she eats meat on Ffiday,traditionaly a fish day. 76．A well-breast-fed child____

A.tends to associated foods with emotions B.is physiologically and emotionally satisfied C.cannot have physiologic and emotional problems

D. is more likely to have his or her needs satisfied in the futrue 77. While sucking, the baby is actually___

A.conscious of the impact of breast-feeding B.interacting with his or her mother C.creating a nursing environment D. impossible to be abused 78．A bottle-fed child___

A.can be healthy physiologically, but not emotionally B.cannot avoid physiologic abuse throught life C.is deprived of emotional needs D. is rid of physiological needs 79．From the list of eating habits, we learn that____ A.everyone follows his or her eating pattern to death B.one?s eating pattern varies with his or her personality C.there is no such things as psychosocial environments D.everyone is born into a conditioned eating environment 80. A Jew or an older Roman Catholic___ A.takes an eating habit as a religious belief

B.is conditioned to feel guilty of eating pork in his or her family

C.cannot has a nutritional eating habit conditioned by religion beliefs

D. observes an eating pattern conditioned by his or her psychosocial environment Passage 5

Several classes of bitter citrus compound have looked promising as anticancer agents in laboratory tests.A new study indicates that long-term consumption of orange juice.A source of such chemicals cuts cancer risk in rats.

In test-tube studies, one class of the bitter compounds-flavonoids-has inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells.Related studies showed that bitter citrus limonoids similarly ward off cancer in animals.Mulling over such data; Maurice R Bennink of Michigan State University in East Lansing wondered whether drinking orange juice would have a beneficial effect.

His team injected 60 young rats with a chemical that causes colon cancer and then raised half of the animals on a normal diet.The others received orange juice instead of drinking water-and less sugar in their food to compensate for sugars in the juice.

At an American Institute for Cancer Research meeting last week in Washington D.C... Bennink reported that after 7 months 22 of the animals receiving a normal diet had developed colon cancers.Only 17 of the rats on the orange-juice diet showed tumors.That?s 77 percent of the control group?s incidence.

Concludes Bennink, whose work was supported by orange-juice producer Tropicana products of Brandenton, Fla… “These data show orange juice helps protect against cancer”, He says that the study might also apply to breast, prostate, and lung cancers.

Bandaru S.Reddy of the American Health Foundation in Valhalla.N.Y. Was not surprised by Bennink?s finding of an orange juice benefit.However, he calls the reported risk reduction. Unimpressive, his own data show that citrus limonoids protect against chemically induced colon cancer in lab animals.

Luke K. T. Lam of LDT Laboratories in St. Paul, Minn., finds Bennink?s data“quite interesting.” although he describes as “borderline” the suppression of cancer incidence observed by Bennink.Lam has inhibited tumors in the lung, skin and forestomach of mice with limonoinds.

The scientists don?t know what compounds in orange juice underlie its effect.The juice is rich in one limonoid-a sugar-containing version of limonin,which suppressed tumors in Lam?s rich in one experiments.It?s possible, Lam speculates,that rats convert the juice?s limonoid into limonin.

Indeed argues Gary D, Manners of the Agricultural Research Service in Albany, Calif...“There is no doubt that these (anticancer) citus compounds are bioavailable in animals to the site of a cancer.The question remains whether they are similiarly available in people”. To find out, his team will soon begin measuring the human boy?s uptake of limonoids from orange juice.

81. What made Bennink hypeothesize the protetive effect of orange juice?

A.The wide consumption of the fruits B.the citrus limonoids of the fruits C.His own personal experience. D His promising research 82. Which of the following is true of the results of Bennink?s study? A.only eitht rats of the control group showed tumors

B.thirteen rats of the test guoup failed to show tumors

C.seventy-seven percent of the test group did not show tumors D.only thirty-three percent of the control group showed tumors 83. It can be inferred from the passage that Bennink___

A.won much financial support with his unexpected results. B.had a commercial intention in the first place C.tried to please orange-juice manufacturers D.found a right sponsor 84. Both Reddy and Lam___

A.seemed to be surprisingly impressed by Bennink?s findingsB.did not seem to be surprised by Bennink?s findings C.did not seem to believe in the orange juice benefit D.seemed to be doubtful of Bennink?s findings

85. From the passage we can learn that scientists are still in the dark about___ A.the substance that supprisses tumors

B.che existence of bioavability in the human body C.the uptake of limonoids from orange-juice in people

D.the bioavailability of citrus compounds in the human body. Passage 6

Just before dawn we received a call that an unresponsive infant was being brought by emergency medical services to our hospital.As the medical team--the pediatric resident, intern, respiratory therapist, nurse, and me---prepared for the incoming patient, an eerie silence enveloped the trauma room,an event that frequently precedes a pediatric resuscitation. The child arrived in our emergency department pulseless and cold,with compressions being performed on him in the arms of the paramedic (, Further history obtained by the paramedics indicated that the mother had left the infant alone in the home with two young children to watch.The child ,and upon her return the infant was found in bed not breathing and cold, As a medical team we sinultaneously performed multiple procedures, (intubation, insertion of intraosseous lines, administration of epinephrine, cardiac compression), all to no avail.Twenty minutes after he arrived,Ideclared this 2-months-old child dead with a high suspicion of abuse of neglect.Everyone vacated the room almost immediately ,expcept for the nurse,who never left the child?s beside.I asked her why the needed to stay,and she looked at me and smiled,“why of course ,to be with my patient a little bit longer.”

I knew the difficult part was yet no come;telling the family the bad news .The mother was still at home being interviewed by the police.The father had arrived from his place of employment to the emergency department minutes after death was pronuounced and not knowing the condition of his son.The father and I sat with chaplain to explain what we had done for the babyt.I could tell from the stunned look on his face that he knew before I finished my story that his child was dead despite this I said in muffled voice.“I am sorry your child passed away.”

We walked slowly back to the resuscitation room.The infant,who only momints ago lay covered with blood and secretions oozing from every orifice had been transformed.The nurse had left her patient,tending to him,cleaning him ,wrapping in soft blankets,and now presenting the boky to the grieving fathet.He seemed relieved to see his baby,no alive,surely but at peace and thus the man could begin in the mourning process.I again left the room tend to the busy emergency department;seeing patients somehow seemed to blunt my emotional response to what had jusft happened.As I listen to a resident present the next case,I saw the nurse carry the blanketed body of the child to the morgue.

As I reflect on this episode, I realized that our medical resuscitation of this child was futile, as has been shown in childrin who present to the emergency department in full cardiac arrest. But it was the compassionate work of the nurse that ultimately made the difference in how we performed our job. 86. Not until the pediatric resuscitation was over___

A.did the paramedics find the infant unresponsive B.was the infant left alone in the emergency room C. was the infant?s further history obtained D. was the infant declared to dead 87. Thanks to the nurse,___

A.the grieving father could see his baby finally B.the medical team performed all the procedures

C.the grieving father arrive at the hospital in time D.the baby was presented at peace to the grieving father 88. When she saw the nurse carry blanketed body of the baby to morgue,the physiciaan must have been___ A.blunted B.moved C.puzzled D.all of the above 89. What the nurse did when the resuscitation was over reflects___

A.the awareness of law suit B.the human aspect of medicine

C.a neglect of duty in medical practice D.the lack of promptness the procedure 90. The physician may do as the nurse did___

A.to appreciate nuring care B.to cherish medical profession C.to embody medical compassion D.to improve pediatric resuscitations 31-40 CDCCB BCBDA 41-50 ACACA ACDDB 51-60 BCACA AADBC 61-70 DDDDA ACABD 71-80ACCCC BCAAD 81-90DBDBD DDBBC