2016届上海市金山区高三一模英语试题及答案 - 图文

There’s nothing that will ruin your day faster than being stuck in a traffic jam all morning, and it’s even worse when there’s (41) ________ no reason for it. There’s a lot of interesting science behind traffic, though, and while understanding it might not make sitting in it any better, it can teach you how to avoid some of the mistakes we all make behind the wheel. 1. The way we merge (合并) causes problems

Whether you’re merging from the left or the right, (42) ________ are good that you’re doing it wrong and causing all sorts of problems. When most people see that they need to merge, their first (43) ________ is to do it right away. They brake, slow down, speed up, and change lanes in between oncoming traffic. According to the Minnesota department of Transportation, that’s completely wrong. Sudden (44) ________ causes traffic to back up, a problem that’s made worse by sudden lane changes and other cars braking to (45) ________ the merging traffic.

So what should you do? Exactly what you probably blame drivers for doing: waiting until the last minute. If you do that, traffic will fall into a more natural pattern called a ―zipper merge‖, meaning there are no surprises, no sudden braking, and a smoother transition from one lane to another, which cuts down on backups. This does, of course, rely on other drivers to let you in at the last minute and be polite enough not to cut you off, which causes all sorts of other problems. 2. You are causing the traffic Jams you hate

Traffic jams have long been chalked up to (取决于) the (46) ________ of traffic on the roads, but it turns out that even heavy traffic can (47) ________ smoothly if people maintain a (48) ________ speed. The problem is that we can’t. Researchers have found that just one person even slightly stepping on their brakes can have a terrible effect on the traffic around them.

On even (49) ________ busy road, it can be only a few minutes for traffic to a complete halt behind someone who (50) ________ their brakes to let another driver merge. The standstill usually occurs several minutes after the braking, well after the person that causes the problem in the first place has gone on his way.

III. Reading Comprehension Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Corporate scandals (丑闻), like political scandals, start with shocking revelation and then move inevitably into who-knew-what stage. This is where executives can start reestablishing their (51) ________ --or deepen the damage.

Since they were forced to (52) ________ one of the biggest frauds (欺诈行为) in auto industry history last month, the executives at Volkswagen have offered (53) ________ and promised to fix the cheating devices wired into eleven millions of their diesel cars (柴油车). But they haven’t explained who ordered, (54) ________ and designed the software that enabled the cars to cheat on emissions tests while emitting (55) ________ on the road. Nor has Volkswagen said how and when it plans to fix the cars, which many customers bought in the belief that they

5

were fuel (56) ________ and clean.

On October 8, German prosecutors (检察官) broke into the corporate offices as part of their investigation. Meanwhile, Matthias Muller, the (57) ________ appointed chief executive, continued to insist that the former executive, Martin Winterkorn, who resigned shortly after the scandal, knew (58) ________. ―Do you really think that a chief executive had time for the inner functioning of engine software?‖ he said in a recent interview, as if the problem was some (59) ________ shortcoming and not an elaborate effort to (60) ________ regulators and customers around the world.

If Mr. Winterkorn was not responsible, who was? Nobody believes that the handful of senior managers could have (61) ________ this scheme without any support. Hans-Dieter Potsch, a supervisory board chairman, issued a statement earlier this month, saying it would take time before Volkswagen could make (62) ________ the findings of its internal investigations. ―We must overcome the crisis,‖ he explained, ―but we must also ensure that Volkswagen continues to grow.‖ That seems to miss the point that Volkswagen will neither overcome the crisis nor grow unless it can instantly produce some (63) ________ answers and explanations.

Even if they manage to fix millions of cars, Volkswagen executives will still face an enormous (64) ________ from lawsuits, lost sales and the (65) ________ to Volkswagen’s reputation. There is no device to block the angry and urgent questions that they face. Apologizing is just the easy part.

51. A. reputation B. revenge C. responsibility D. revolution 52. A. commit B. recognize C. admit D. revise 53. A. gratitude B. apologies C. guidance D. authorities 54. A. approved B. chose C. withdrew D. undertook 55. A. light B. ashes C. smell D. pollutants 56. A. effective B. efficient C. extinct D. essential 57. A. officially B. voluntarily C. temporarily D. newly 58. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 59. A. minor B. major C. inferior D. superior 60. A. conceal B. confuse C. attract D. deceive 61. A. held on B. got rid of C. carried out D. made up 62. A. clear B. public C. possible D. convenient 63. A. convincing B. likely C. factual D. solid 64. A. conflict B. opportunities C. competitions D. challenges 65. A. response B. blow C. solution D. key

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose

6

the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

( A )

Poor bears comes to the UK, bringing only a red hat, a suitcase, a sandwich, and jars of marmalade (果酱) with him. Heading straight to a major London train station, he sits on his suitcase and stops passers-by from time to time in the hope of finding a free home.

This is how Paddington Bear, the main character of the UK animated movie Paddington, is introduced to audiences. On March 3, during Prince William’s visit to China, he attended the Chinese premiere (首演) of the film in Shanghai.

―Many Britons were raised on tales of Paddington, the second-best-known bear in fiction after Winnie the Pooh,‖ the Economist noted. While Winnie the Pooh reminds people of the innocence and simplicity of the past, ―the well- meaning Paddington always causes chaos when he goes through cultural misunderstandings.‖

The movie, described as ―a total delight, as warm and welcome as a hot pair of socks on a winter morning‖ by the Telegraph, tells the story of the bear, who is sent to London by his family, after an earthquake destroys their home in Peru. At Paddington station, he meets Mr. Brown, Mrs. Brown and their two kids. The Brown family name him Paddington, because they can’t say his Peruvian name. After the fuzzy (毛茸茸的) stranger enters the Browns’ home, he teaches everyone how to laugh and love. In the end, Mr. Brown says that ―even if he’s from a different species, he’s still family.‖

As Phoenix magazine put it, ―The story shows British sympathy and kindness‖ as the refugee Paddington is given a new home and a loving family in London.

Released at a time when immigration is a hot topic in the UK, ―Paddington has a very clear message: welcome the other into your home‖, the Philadelphia Inquirer noted.

And Paddington Bear is also a great example of the traditional politeness that British people are well known for. For example, Paddington Bear calls people ―Mr.‖, ―Mrs.‖ and ―Miss‖, rarely using their first name. he also loves making small talk with people. For instance, Paddington often has polite conversations about unimportant things with people like his housekeeper.

66. Which of the following statements about Paddington Bear is true? A. He is saved by the Brown family from an earthquake in Peru.

B. With the help of the Brown family, he learns how to laugh and love. C. He is traditional and prefers to greet strangers using their first name.

D. As an immigrant to the UK, he experiences many cultural misunderstandings.

67. Which of the following words best describe the qualities of Paddington bear? A. kind and polite. B. innocent and unintelligent. C. humorous and optimistic. D. honest and straightforward.

68. We can infer from the article that _________________.

7

A. the tales of Paddington have reminded British people to be kind to those who immigrate to the UK

B. at the time when the Paddington stories were released, immigrants were not welcomed in the UK

C. the Paddington stories once encouraged a large number of Germans to go to the UK D. Paddington’s British habit of making ―small talk‖ helped to enrich the German language

69. According to the last paragraph, ―small talk‖ probably means _____________. A. polite greetings to unfamiliar people B. conversation about unimportant things

C. conversations about other people’s private lives D. Arguments between close friends

( B ) 4 Hotels That Will Make Your Life Easier BY JOHN BRANDON For the business traveler who is all about efficiency: Check out these hotels that will get you in and out with a minimum of trouble. When you are pressed for time on a business trip, nothing can infuriate you more than a slow hotel check-in process. On your next trip, try these hotels that offer a speedier check-in process. 1. Yotel New York The self-service kiosks at this high-tech New York hotel work just like the ones you’d see at an airport. There are just five-steps to register and obtain your card key. There is even a robotic luggage bellboy. You tap in the number of bags you are carrying and sizes, then wait for a robot arm to swing down and store your luggage in a locker (say, for a day trip). This also speeds up the check-in process if the first thing you need to do, like me, is head to a series of meetings. 2. Marriott Detroit Airport Another option for business travelers in a hurry: Marriott is rolling out its mobile check-in app to 325 hotels this year, including the Marriott Detroit Airport hotel. (I’ve tested the app itself

8