汉英翻译电子教案5doc - 图文

青 岛 滨 海 学 院 教 师 教 案

笼，一把扯下纸罩，裹了馒头，塞与老栓；一手抓过洋钱，捏一捏，转身走了。嘴里哼着说：―这老东西……‖ Hurriedly Old Chuan ______(searched, groped, fumbled, felt) for his dollars, and _____(shivering, trembling, shaking, quivering) he was about to _____(hand, take, bring, send) them over, but he dared not take the object. The other grew impatient and _____(shouted, roared, screamed, cried), ―What are you afraid of ? Why not take it?‖ When Old Chuan still hesitated, the man in black _____(took, grabbed, snatched, caught) his lantern and _____ (removed, stripped, tore off, ripped off) its paper shade to _____ (wrap up, cover, fold, enclose) the roll. This package he, _____(thrust, threw, handed, pushed) into Old Chuan’s hand, at the same time,_____ (taking, grabbing, seizing, snatching) the silver and giving it a cursory (匆匆忙忙的) feel. Then he turned away, _____(muttering, murmuring, mumbling, grumbling) ―Old fool…‖ 二、词语的重复与精简 汉语喜欢重复，英语崇尚简洁。汉语的重复作为一种修辞手段有两种作用：一是为了强调，重复表达一个意思，或增添修饰语，加强语义；二是为了便于词语搭配，或平衡节奏，增加可读性。这些具有重复意义的句式和词语，在汉语中是非常自然的，人们易于接受，甚至少了它们语句就缺少力量。英语是一种忌重复（redundancy）的语言， 在汉语里习以为常的重复词语到了英语里要么不合逻辑，要么累赘冗长。所以翻译时，都要有所删削省略。试修改现面词语的英译文： 1．难忘的记忆： an unforgettable memory—lasting memory 2.不必要的浪费：unnecessary waste—waste that may otherwise be avoided 3.不切实际的幻想： impractical illusion—fond hope/wish/expectation; to fondly imagine 4.毫无根据的诽谤： groundless slander—slander; groundless allegations 5.耳朵听得见，眼睛看得见： audible to the ear and visible to the eye—audible and visible; aurally and visually perceptible; have good sight and hearing (一) 修辞性重复 汉语的修辞性重复到了英文里不一定产生同样的效果，一般需要简化。例如： （1）这是革命的春天，这是人民的春天，这是科学的春天！让我们张开双臂，热烈拥抱这个春天把！ Let us stretch our arms to embrace the spring , which is one of the revolution, of the people, and of science. 汉语的对比结构常含有重复成分，英译时要适当从简： (2)责任制度，条件成熟了的就可以实行，条件不成熟的不要实行。 The system of job responsibility can be adopted where the conditions are ripe,

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青 岛 滨 海 学 院 教 师 教 案

and not otherwise. （3）你要觉得合适就干，不合适就不干。你自个儿看着办吧。 Go ahead if you think the job suits you and don’t if not. It’s all up to you to decide. 有时汉语通过词汇重复表示强调，而英语则要借助动词或用代词复指： （4）我是劝过了，但没有用。 I did persuade him, without avail. (5) 我们都该想想，立达怎样才可不死呢？互生其实也便不死了。（朱自清《哀互生》） Now we should all think about question: what must we do to keep Lida alive? If he is kept alive, Husheng lives on. (Tr. Liu Shicong) (二) 搭配性重复 汉语中的范畴词也构成一种语义上的重复。范畴词是具有概括意义、表示人或事物分类范畴的词语，常用在具体词的后面，对其进行分类总括，以便和其他词语（词义）搭配。到了英语里，这里具体词语直接就能构成搭配关系，原文的范畴词便成了冗赘。例如： （1）见到自己的故乡，他想起了童年的情景。 The sight of his native place called back his childhood. (2) 据说他对邓的灵活态度印象很深。 He was described as impressed by Deng’s flexibility. (3)那时他们最渴望的就是结束这摇摆不定的局势。 What they wanted most was an end of uncertainties. (4) 我国人口现在正值生育高峰，人口增长过快，不但将影响人均收入的提高，而且粮食和住宅的供应、教育和劳动就业需要的满足，都将成为严重的问题，甚至可能影响社会的安定。 The total number of birth is now at its peak. Excessive population growth will not only adversely affect the increase of per-capita income but also cause serious difficulties in food supply, housing, education and employment, and may even disrupt social stability. (三)节奏性重复 汉语成语中由许多音韵整齐、语意重复的四字对偶词组，翻译时不必亦步亦趋，译出一组的意思就够了。 花言巧语—fine words 油嘴滑舌—glib tongue 长嗟短叹—sighing deeply 精疲力竭—exhausted 随波逐流—to swim with the stream 发号施令—to issue orders

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青 岛 滨 海 学 院 教 师 教 案

土崩瓦解—to fall apart 两面三刀—two faced tactics 水深火热—in deep waters 自吹自擂— to blow pone’s own trumpet 三、描述要生动 某种表现手法或修辞手段的选用，是为了达到某种修辞目的。如叙述要明白晓畅，描写要生动逼真，说明要条理清楚，辩论要充分有力。这里仅以―化静为动‖为例，说明翻译时修辞手段的运用。 （1）面向着积水滩，背后是城墙，坐在石上看水中的小蝌蚪或苇叶上的嫩蜻蜓，我可以快乐地坐一天。（老舍《想北平》） I can spend a whole day enjoying myself sitting on a rock to observe tiny tadpoles in the water or tender dragonflies on reeds whiles facing me lies Ji Shui Tan Pond and right behind me rises the high city wall. (2) 花坛北面有一株腊梅花，南端是一丛南天竹。（王士菁《鲁迅传》） A winter plum stood on the northern end of the terrace, and a nandina on the southern end. (3)俄见粉垣环护，绿柳周垂。贾政与众人进了门，两边尽是游廊相接。（曹雪芹《红楼梦》） Whitewashed walls and green willows confronted them then. Along the walls ran covered corridors. (4) 山行六七里，渐闻水声潺潺而泄出于两峰之间者，酿泉也。（欧阳修《醉翁亭记》） A walk of two or three miles on those hills brings one within earshot of the sound of falling water, which gushes forth from a ravine known as the Wine-Fountain. 以上例句中的―是‖、―有‖、―渐闻‖等静态描写的词语用―run‖、 ―stand‖，―bring‖等具有动态意义的词语来译，更好地传达了原文生动的描写效果。 II. Practice 一、将下列段落译成英语： 夜色中看这堵墙，十分奇妙，颇有点诗意。白墙、黑瓦、宝蓝色的漏窗泛出晶莹的光辉，里面的灯光从漏窗中透出来，那光线也变得绿莹莹的。清风吹来，树枝摇曳，灯光闪烁变幻，好像有一个童话般的世界深藏在围墙的里面。抬起头来从墙顶上往里看，可以看到主建筑的黑色屋顶翘在夜空里，围墙也变得不像围墙了，它带着和主建筑相似的风格进入了整体结构。附近的马路也变样了，好像是到了什么风景区或文化宫的入口。（陆文夫《围墙》） Seen dimly through the moonlight, the boundary wall looked enchanting. It was full of poetry with its white wall, black tiles and sapphire blue windows

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青 岛 滨 海 学 院 教 师 教 案

suffused with sparkling brilliance. The light that shone out through the patterned blocks was transformed to a shining emerald green. A light breeze blew, swaying the tree branches and making the rays of light glimmer and dance as if there was a fairytale world hidden deep within. Above the wall one could see the black roof of the building inside jutting into the night air and the wall suddenly seemed to change, melting into one with the main building whose style it matched to perfection. The nearby road had changed too, it seemed to be the entrance to a scenic area or cultural palace. (Tr. Rosie A. Roberts) 二、翻译下列句子： 1.下面分畦列亩，佳蔬菜花，一望无际。（stretch） Below, neat plots of fine vegetables and rape flowers stretched as far as eye could see. 2.黄河以南，是巍巍泰山；黄河以北，是一片开阔的原野。 (lie, spring) South of the Yellow River spring the lofty ranges of Taishan Mountains, while to the north lies a vast expanse of open country. 3.四处有的是旋风，一股一股的，把风沙卷起多高，像是平地冒起的大烟，打着转在沙漠上飞跑。 Everywhere are whirl winds, rising one after another, lifting smoke-like yellow sand from the ground and rapidly rolling and swirling about in the desert. 4．宫门前的一条东西向的大街，足有二百二十米之宽，道路两旁有青槐和榆树，并有相当完整的排水系统。 The street outside the palace, running from east to west, was a good 220 meters wide. All the street were lined with ash or elm trees and draining pipes lay underneath. 5．湖里有十来枝荷花，苞子上清水滴滴，荷叶上水珠滚来滚去。 Crystal drops were dripping from a dozen lotus buds in the lake, while beads of water rolled about the leaves. 6．二十五年后的一个春天，从关东开进一趟列车，直向保定驰来。 One spring say, twenty-five years later, a train pulled towards Baoding from the Northeast. 7．清清的溪水，潺潺地流着，像仙女身上美丽的飘带，从高崖上伸展到遥远的地方去。 Rippling crystal streams stretched away into the distance from the towering bluffs like the beautiful streamers of a fairy maid. 8．这个城市刚刚收到一次今年最严重的台风的袭击，窗外残枝残叶狼藉满地，整排竹篱委身在满是积水的地方，一片惨淡的景象。 The town had just been hit by the worst typhoon of the year. The ground

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青 岛 滨 海 学 院 教 师 教 案

outside was strewn with broken twigs and dry leaves. Fallen bamboo fences submitted to the sodden ground. What a pitiful sight! 9．半园月挂在天空，夜还没有降临，空气里带着黄昏的香味。 A half moon hung in the sky before nightfall, and the air was pervaded with the fragrance of dusk. 10．晨雾开始消散，山头从轻纱似的淡雾里露出来。朝阳染红了这座小荒山。 The morning mist was now lifting and the top of the hill peered from amidst the crepe –like faint fog. The little barren hill was tinged with glowing morning sun. III. Summary: 汉语中常见的修辞法的的英译： 一、用词要贴切 二、汉语喜欢重复，英语崇尚简洁。汉语中的重复性词语在翻译时，都要有所删削省略 三、描写性的词语，“化静为动”。 IV. Consolidation: 参读书目：1.实用翻译教程 （冯庆华）第六章 辞格与翻译 2.汉英翻译基础教程 （冯庆华）第七章 修辞格的翻译

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