2019高中英语Unit10MoneySectionⅤGrammar教案(含解析)北师大版必修4

⑦She asks to be treated equally. ⑧Mary seems to be thinking deeply.

⑨She is said to have studied abroad last year. [我的发现]

(1)不定式在下列句子中的句法功能是：句①作主语；句②作宾语；句③作表语；句④作定语；句⑤作状语；句⑥作宾语补足语。

(2)在下列句子中不定式使用的时态、语态形式是：句⑦为被动语态；句⑧为进行时态；句⑨为完成时态。

(3)根据以上可归纳出，不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语；不定式既有时态的变化，也有语态的变化。

一、动词不定式的基本结构

动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中 to 不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，其否定形式是在 to 前加 not。 动词不定式主要有三种结构模式：

1．带 to 或不带 to: (to) do sth.

Our teacher asks us to be grateful to our parents. 老师叫我们要感恩父母。

I saw a stranger enter our community. 我看见一个陌生人进了我们社区。

He told me not to move until he finished the drawing. 他告诉我他画完了画我再动。

2．疑问词＋不定式：how/when/what ... to do sth. No one knows for sure what to expect in the future. 没人能确切地知道将来会发生什么。

3．带逻辑主语的不定式：for/of sb. to do sth. It is wise of you to give up smoking. 你戒烟是明智的。

二、动词不定式的时态和语态 时态 语态 主动 to do 被动 to be done 意义 与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓例句 I hope to meet you again. 我希望再次见到你。 一般时

语动作之后 He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully. 表示谓语动作发 生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行 他假装在认真地听老师讲课。 A new shopping mall is reported to be being built in the city at present. 据报道该市目前正在建造一家新商场。 to have done to have 表示不定式的动been done 作发生在谓语动作之前 发生在谓语动作 之前并且一直到谓语动作发生时仍在进行 I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 很抱歉让你久等了。 They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years. 据说他们已经在西藏工作了20年。 进行时 to be doing 完成时 to have 完成进行时 been doing [即时演练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①She seems to have_heard (hear) about this matter. ②He’s said_to_go (go) abroad next month.

③He pretended to be_reading (read) when I came in.

④She is said to have_been_working (work) on the problem for many years. ⑤He was said to have_been_told_(tell) about the news. 三、不定式的句法功能 1．不定式作主语

不定式作主语时，表示具体的行为或将来的行为。不定式作主语时谓语用单数；有时也可用 it 作形式主语，而将不定式后置。

To remove all the books will take us half an hour. ＝It will take us half an hour to remove all the books. 搬走所有这些书要花费我们半个小时的时间。 常见的带形式主语it的句型有：

(1)It is/was＋形容词＋(of/for sb.) to do sth. It is good for us to do morning exercises. 做早操对我们有益。

It is stupid of her to make such a mistake.

她真蠢，犯这样的错误。

[名师点津] 在该句型中，如果形容词是形容人的品质的， 即sb.和adj.有主系表关系

时

，

sb.

前

用

of

。

常

见

的

形

容

词

有

foolish/kind/nice/careless/wise/silly/clever/stupid/rude 等；如果句中形容词修饰动词不定式时，sb.和adj.构不成主系表关系时，sb.前用for，常见的形容词有easy/difficult/hard/important/dangerous/possible/necessary等。

(2)It is a pleasure/pity/pleasant thing/an honour ...to do ...

In the end, kids as we are, it’s our duty to control ourselves, which will greatly help our lives and study.(2014·安徽高考满分作文)

最后，尽管我们是孩子，但是自控是我们的职责，它会极大地帮助我们的生活和学习。 (3)It takes sb.some time/money / energy to do ...

It took them about half an hour to work out the difficult maths problem. 他们花了大约半个小时的时间才解出这道数学难题。 [即时演练2] (1)单句改错

①It is nice for you to rescue me from the fire in time.for→of ②The room is comfortable for us to live._live→live_in

③This machine is very easy to be operated. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. be_operated→operate

(2)完成句子 ①It

took

years

of

work_to_reduce_the_industrial_pollution_and_clean_the_water.

减少工业污染和清洁河水花费了好几年的时间。

②It’s standard practice for a company like this one_to_employ_a_teacher. 对于像这样的公司雇佣老师是非常标准的做法。

③It_is_impossible_for_him_to_get_away_with_it if he cheats in the exam. 他如果在考试中作弊，是不可能逃脱惩罚的。 2．不定式作表语

不定式在系动词后作表语，往往说明主语的具体内容，且含将来意义。 My purpose is to point out the difficulties of finishing the job. 我的目的是指出完成这份工作的困难。 [即时演练3] 完成句子

①The engine just won’t start.Something seems to have gone wrong with it. 引擎发动不起来了。看起来好像出了什么毛病。

②What he hoped was to_be_admitted_into_the_university. 他所希望的是能被这所大学录取。

③Our aim is to_achieve_the_task_in_six_months. 我们的目标是在6个月之内完成这项任务。 3．不定式作宾语

(1)有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语，如 agree, ask, aim, attempt, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail, help, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, hope, wish等。

I decided to buy a walkman to learn English. 我决定买个随身听来学英语。

His brother wished to win the first prize. 他哥哥希望获得头等奖。

(2) 不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式(真正宾语)放到宾语补足语的后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“动词＋it＋宾补＋不定式”结构。能用于此结构的动词有think, make, feel, find等。

The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.

这两个小女孩长得如此相像，以至于陌生人觉得很难把她们区分开。 I think it possible to get on well with him. 我认为有可能跟他和睦相处。

[名师点津] 不定式用在介词but(除了), except, besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。

If you decide to study in America, you have no choice but to improve your English greatly.

如果你打算去美国学习，除了显著提高英语水平外别无选择。 There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining. 没办法，只好等雨停了。 [即时演练4] 单句语法填空

①(2015·陕西高考改编)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on_to_thank (thank) all the people who had helped in her career.

②(2014·全国卷Ⅰ改编)He refused to_stop (stop) until we reached the next stop. ③I have no choice but to_go (go).

④I find it difficult to_keep (keep) a balance between work and play. 4．不定式作宾补