新概念第一册知识点总结1

新概念第一册 知识点总结（全）

名词

名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词有单复数变化。不可数名词没有。 可数名词单数变复数规则： 1)单数名词加 2)以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加 3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加 4)以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加 5)以o结尾的名词，有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加

6)不规则名词：foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→me n, woman→women, sheep→sheep, deer→deer, mouse→mice. 代词 人 称 代 词 物 主 代 词 I. 人称代词:人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语。宾格通常做动词或介词的宾语. Eg: a. I’m a nurse.

b.

Could you help me ?

形容词性 名词性 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs my our your your his her its their 宾 格 me us you you him her it them 主 格 第 一 人 称 单数 I 复数 we 第 二 人称 单数 复数 he 第 三 人 称 单 数 she it 复数 they you you II. 物主代词又分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词.

形容词性的物主代词:相当于形容词,后面要跟名词,指定名词的所属对象. 名词性的物主代词:相当于一个名词,必须单独使用，后面不能再跟名词. Eg: a. Your school is small, mine is big.(=my book) b. This is not your pen. Yours is on the desk.(=your pen)

时态

一、一般现在时：

概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语：

always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays… 基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词

否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

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一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

My father is a doctor. Tom isn’t at home. Are they policemen?

I often get up at 7 o’clock every morning. He doesn’t like apples.

Do you always read before going to bed? What do you usually do on Sundays?

一般现在时句中，如果主语是第三人称时，动词要变第三人称单数，变化规则如下： 1) 一般情况下，动词后面直接加 -s. 例如： works gets says reads

2) 以s，x ，ch，sh或 o 结尾的动词，在后面加 -es。 例如： goes teaches washes

3) 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把 y变为 i 再加 -es. 例如： studies tries carries

特殊情况：动词 have 的第三人称单数是 has。 例如： He has an interesting book. 二、一般过去时：

概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, the other day, long long ago, once upon a time, …. 基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词

否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 I was at my mother’s last week.

Once upon a time, there was a beautiful girl whose name was Snow White. Lucy went to America five months ago. I didn’t go to the cinema last night. Did Lily dance at the party? What did you do yesterday? 动词的过去式变化：

be动词：am/is-----was are---were 规则动词：

1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如: want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed, clean—cleaned 2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如：like—liked, live—lived, use—used, move—moved

3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop—stopped, trip—tripped

4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed。如：study—studied, carry—carried, hurry—hurried, marry—married 不规则动词：

Have-had eat-ate drink-drank go-went come-came see-saw hear-heard put-put cut-cut 等等 三、现在进行时：

概念：表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, …

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基本结构：am/is/are+doing

否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

They are playing basketball on the playground. I am not reading anything. Is he waiting for the bus? What are you doing now? 动词ing形式的变化规则：

1 一般情况下，直接在动词后加－ing

work ---- working sleep ----- sleeping study ----- studying 2 动词以不发音的－e结尾，要去－e加－ing

take ----- taking make ----- making dance ----- dancing 3 重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加－ing

cut ----- cutting put ----- putting begin ------ beginning 4 以－ie结尾的动词，把变成y再加－ing lie ----- lying tie ----- tying die ----- dying 四、过去进行时：

概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构：was/were+doing

否定形式：was/were + not + doing.

一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 I was listening to the radio at 7 this morning. He was cleaning the car when I arrived. What was he doing at this time yesterday? 五、现在完成时：

概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语：alreaday, just,yet, since…, for…,…. 基本结构：have/has + done

否定形式：have/has + not +done. 一般疑问句：have或has。 He has lost his wallet.

I have already had my lunch.

David hasn’t finished his homework yet. Have you seen this film?

Mary has been a translator for 20 years. They have lived here since 1987. How long have you lived here? 动词过去分词变化规则：

规则动词：规则动词的过去分词变化规则与过去式变化规则相同，包括4条。 1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如: want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed, clean—cleaned 2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如：like—liked, live—lived, use—used, move—moved

3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop—stopped, trip—tripped

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4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed。如：study—studied, carry—carried, hurry—hurried, marry—married

不规则动词：需要特殊记忆。

Be动词-been have-had go-gone come-come eat-eaten drink-drunk 等等 六、过去完成时：

概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 时间状语：before, after…. 基本结构：had + done.

否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑问句：had放于句首。

The bus had already left before I arrived at the station. He went to the park after he had finished his work. 七、一般将来时：

概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow, … 基本结构：①am/is/are going to + do；②will + do.

否定形式：①am/is/are not going to + do；②will not + do 一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will提到句首。 My family are going to Beijing next week. It is going to rain.

He will be 11 years old next year. We will leave in two hours.

情态动词

我们学过的情态动词有can, could, may, must, had better, have to 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后面跟动词原形。 Can

1, 表示能力，“能够…” I can swim very well. He can’t sing or dance.

2, 表示请求，“可以…吗？” Can I help you?

Can you give the glass to me, please? Could

1, can的过去式，表示过去的能力，“能够…”

He could climb the mountain 30 years ago, but now he can’t.

2, 表示请求，比can 更加委婉客气，此时could非can的过去式。 Could you help me, please?

Could you bring the book to me? Could I borrow your bike? May

表示请求，比can稍加委婉客气。“可以…吗？” May I come in? May I use your pen? Must

1, 表示“必须…”

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