初中英语语法现在完成时解析与练习

现在完成时态

现在完成时态的概念 结 构 形 式 1表示在过去不确定的时间里A 现在完成时的肯定句 发生过或者未发生过的动作主语（第一、二人称单、复数）+ have 对现在产生的响。表示开始于主语 （第三人称单数） + has + 过去分词 过去的动作最近刚结束. （表示“影响结束”） 2 表示过去开始，持续到现主语 （第三人称复数） + have B 现在完成时的否定句 主句+ have / has + not + 过去分词 在，而且还可能继续下去的动C 现在完成时的一般疑问句 作或状态。常与表示一段时间Have/ Has + 主语 + 过去分词 的状语连用。 （表示“继续”） D 现在完成时的特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句+ have / has + 主语+过去分词 现在完成时态1的句型：

时间状语：（already， just ，ever ，never， before ，since ，yet， once ) already just用于肯定句 never/ yet 用于否定句疑问句 ever 用于肯定句和疑问句 A 现在完成时的肯定句

I have ever bought lots of books about Western customs. He has ever been to the Great Wall already They have seen the film already. B 现在完成时的否定句

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The Sam have never been to Canada since the day they left. Eric hasn't got his air-tickets yet. C 现在完成时的一般疑问句 Have you ever read the magazines ? Yes , I have . No, I haven't.

Has he killed Snow White yet ? Yes, he has. No ,he hasn't.

D 现在完成时的特殊疑问句 How long have you been here ?

How many times have you been to the Great Wall? Which book have you read ? 现在完成时态2句型：

A表示过去开始，持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态。常和表示一段时间的状语连用。

this week/month lately in the past few days these days since during the last two weeks

since then since 2 days ago So far for a long time up to now till /until now 1 I 've known him since my childhood. 2 She has been in this school since 2007. 3 He has lived in Beijing for 3 years.

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4 I have stayed in the hotel for two weeks so far .

B 表示从过去到现在之间曾经历过的事情。常和以下的词连用。 often never ever once twice since before three times He has never ill in his life .

I have been to the Summer Palace twice . We have visited your school before . 使用现在完成时态的注意事项 A 现在完成时与一般过去时

现在完成时与一般过去时都表示在过去做的动作，但现在完成时强调这动作与现在的关系，如现在产生的结果、影响等。而一般过去时则只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。所以 ，一些表示过去固定时间的状语只能与一般过去时连用，而不能与现在完成时连用。如句中有ago ,last 或 有when引起的问句都不能与完成时连用。

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别举例 I have cleaned my room three days ago. × I have cleaned my room three days ago. √ I have visited your school before. √ I bought a red car. (过去时）

I have bought a red car . (现在完成时态） B when 不能和现在完成时连用时连用 When have you bought the red car ? × When did you buy the red car ? √ C 关于终止性动词

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终止性动词（也叫点动词）表示的动作有一个终点，到了终点就不能在延续。因此在现在完成时中，这种动词不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。常用的终止性动词有： (arrive begin borrow buy come die go join leave lose marry stop )

D have /has been to 与have/ has gone to 1 终止性动词与延续性动词用法正误列举 I 've left Shanghai for 3 days . ×

I 've been away from Shanghai for 3 days . √ 2 终止性动词的否定式

如果现在完成时的谓语动词是终止性动词的否定式，则一般可以和表示一段时间的短语连用。因为终止性动词的这种否定构成一种可以持续的状态。 He hasn't left home for a month. I haven't seen you for a long time.

3 have/ has been to 与 have /has gone to

have/ has been to 表示“去过某地”是某人的一次经历

have /has gone to 表示去“某地了”，说话时此人已经离开此地，在去某地的路上或已经在某地。

He has gone to the park twice.×

He has been to the park twice. √ He has gone to the park . √

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